Understanding your choice of forged bushings options
Understanding the various types of forged bushings and their specific applications is essential for selecting the ideal option for your needs. By considering factors such as load capacity, operating speed, environmental factors, maintenance requirements, and lubrication, you can choose the right bushings to optimize performance, reduce friction and wear, and extend the lifespan of your components. Working with a reputable supplier ensures that your bushings are of the highest quality and customized to meet your unique requirements.
What is a forged bushing?
Forged bushing is a type of forging that uses a hammer, press, or other forging equipment to apply a compressive force to shape metal into a bushing shape. This method manipulates the grain structure of the metal, making it more robust and resistant to wear, fatigue, and impact.
Types of forged bushing
There are several types of forged bushings available in the market, including:
- Plain Bushings: These bushings do not have any grooves or notches and are typically used for applications with minimal space constraints and low load requirements.
- Flanged Bushings: Flanged bushings have a flange on one end, which provides increased load-carrying capacity and helps to prevent axial movement. They are often used in applications with significant axial loads, such as automotive components and machinery.
- Grooved Bushings: These grooves on the inner or outer surface allow for better lubrication and reduced friction. Grooved bushings are suitable for high-speed applications and machinery that require frequent lubrication.
- Split Bushings: Split bushings are designed with a cut or gap, allowing them to be installed or removed without disassembling the surrounding components. They are ideal for applications where maintenance or replacement is frequently required.
- Sleeve Bushings: Sleeve bushings are cylindrical bushings that reduce friction between two moving parts. They are commonly used in applications that require high load capacity and minimal maintenance.
Materials Used in Forged Bushings
Forged bushings can be made from various materials, each with unique properties suited for specific applications. Some common materials include:
| Titanium forged bushings | ASTM B381 / ASME SB381, Titanium Gr. 1, Titanium Gr. 2, Titanium Gr. 4, Titanium Gr. 5, Titanium Gr. 7, ASTM R50250/GR.1| R50400/GR.2 | R50550/GR.3 | R50700/GR.4 | GR.6 |R52400/GR.7 | R53400/GR.12 | R56320/GR.9 |R56400/GR.5 |
| Copper forged bushings | T1, T2, C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, C10800, C10910,C10920, TP1, TP2, C10930, C11000, C11300, C11400, C11500, C11600, C12000,C12200, C12300, TU1, TU2, C12500, C14200, C14420, C14500, C14510, C14520, C14530, C17200, C19200, C21000, C23000, C26000, C27000, C27400, C28000, C33000, C33200, C37000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, C63020, C68700, C70400, C70600, C70620, C71000, C71500, C71520, C71640, etc |
| Copper Nickel forged bushings | ASTM / ASME SB 61 / 62 / 151 / 152, Copper Nickel 90/10 (C70600 ), Cupro Nickel 70/30 (C71500), UNS C71640 |
| Carbon Steel forged bushings | ASTM/ASME A/SA105 A/SA105N & A/SA216-WCB, DIN 1.0402, DIN 1.0460, DIN 1.0619, Die Steel, ASTM A105 / ASME SA105, A105N, ASTM A350 LF2 / ASME SA350, High Yield CS ASTM A694 / A694 (F52 F56 F60 F65 F70 F80) |
| Stainless Steel forged bushings | ASTM/ASME A/SA182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L, ASTM/ASME A/SA351 CF8, CF3, CF8M, CF3M, DIN 1.4301, DIN 1.4306, DIN 1.4401, DIN 1.4404, DIN 1.4308, DIN 1.4408, DIN 1.4306, DIN 1.4409 |
| Alloy Steel forged bushings | ASTM A182 / ASME SA182 F5, F9, F11, F12, F22, F91 |
| Hastelloy forged bushings | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276), C22 (UNS N06022), C4, C2000, B2, B3, X |
| Brass forged bushings | 3602 / 2604 / H59 / H62 / etc. |
| Inconel forged bushings | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Inconel 600, 601, 625, 718, 783, 690, x750 |
| Monel forged bushings | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Monel 400 (UNS No. N04400), Monel 500 (UNS No. N05500) |
| Duplex forged bushings | S31803 / S32205 A182 Gr F51 / F52 / F53 / F54 / F55 / F57 / F59 / F60 / F61 |
| Super Duplex forged bushings | S32750 / S32760 A182 Gr F51 / F52 / F53 / F54 / F55 / F57 / F59 / F60 / F61 |
| Alloy 20 forged bushings | ASTM B462 / ASME SB462, Carpenter 20 Alloy, Alloy 20Cb-3 |
| Aluminium forged bushings | 5052 /6061/ 6063 / 2017 / 7075 / etc. |
| Nickel forged bushings | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Nickel 200, Nickel 201, Nickel 205, Nickel 205LC |
| Nimonic forged bushings | Nimonic 75, Nimonic 80A, Nimonic 90 |
| Other forged bushingsmaterial | Tin bronze, Alumunum bronze, Lead bronze |
| Incoloy forged bushings | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Incoloy 800, 800H, 800HT (UNS N08800), 825 (UNS N08825), 925 |
| 254 Smo forged bushings | ASTM A182 / ASME SA182, SMO 254/6Mo, UNS S31254, DIN 1.4547 |
Dimensions of Forged Bushings
The dimensions of forged bushings are crucial for their proper function and performance. Some key dimensions to consider include the following:
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Inner Diameter (ID): The inner diameter refers to the opening within the bushing that accommodates the shaft or other moving components. It must be accurately sized to ensure smooth operation and minimize wear.
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Outer Diameter (OD): The outer diameter is the bushing’s overall size. It is essential for maintaining proper fit within the housing or bore.
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Length (L): The bushing length is another critical dimension, as it influences the load-bearing capacity and stability of the component.
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Wall Thickness (WT): Wall thickness is the difference between the outer and inner diameters. A thicker wall typically offers greater load capacity and durability.
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Tolerances: Tolerances are allowable variations in dimensions, ensuring proper fit and function. Industry standards, such as ISO and ANSI, dictate the acceptable tolerances for bushings.
The Forging Process of Forged Bushings
The manufacturing process of forged bushings involves several steps, including:
- Material Selection: The first step in forging bushings is selecting the appropriate material. Materials commonly used include steel, bronze, brass, and aluminum. The choice of material depends on factors such as load capacity, corrosion resistance, and temperature resistance.
- Heating and Forging: The selected material is heated to a specific temperature, usually between 1,800°F and 2,300°F, depending on the material. This process softens the metal, making it more malleable and easier to shape. Once the material reaches the desired temperature, it is forged using a hammer or press.
- Heat Treatment: Forged bushings may undergo heat treatment to enhance their mechanical properties, such as hardness, strength, and ductility. The heat treatment process varies based on the material and desired properties.
- Machining: After the forging process, the bushing is machined to achieve the required dimensions and tolerances. This step may involve turning, milling, or grinding, depending on the bushing’s final application.
- Surface Treatment: Surface treatments, such as plating or coating, may improve the bushing’s wear and corrosion resistance. These treatments can also reduce friction and extend the component’s service life.
Visual Inspection of Forged Bushings
The first step in the inspection process is a thorough visual examination. This involves checking for signs of wear, cracks, or damage to the bushing’s surface. Visual inspection can reveal issues such as:
- Excessive wear on the contact surfaces indicates the need for replacement or repair.
- Pitting or corrosion may result from exposure to harsh environments or poor maintenance practices.
- Cracks may suggest material fatigue or overloading.
Dimensional Inspection of Forged Bushings
After a visual inspection, the next step is to perform a dimensional inspection to verify that the bushing’s dimensions meet specified tolerances. Dimensional inspection can be performed using various tools, including:
- Calipers measure the bushing’s outside and inside diameters.
- Micrometers for precise measurement of the bushing’s thickness.
- Gauge pins or bore gauges measure the internal diameter of the bushing.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques for Forged Bushings
In addition to visual and dimensional inspections, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques can provide valuable insights into the internal structure and integrity of forged bushings. Some common NDT methods include:
- Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI): This technique uses a magnetic field to detect discontinuities in the bushing’s surface or near-surface region. MPI is particularly useful for identifying ferromagnetic material cracks, seams, and other flaws.
- Ultrasonic Testing (UT): UT uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws or discontinuities in the bushing. This method effectively identifies cracks, voids, or inclusions that may not be visible during a visual inspection.
- Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT): PT involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface of the bushing, which is drawn into any surface-breaking flaws. The penetrant is then removed, and a developer is applied, revealing the presence of any discontinuities.
Maintaining Forged Bushings for Optimal Performance
Proper maintenance is essential to prolonging the lifespan of forged bushings and maintaining their performance. Some maintenance best practices include:
- Regularly inspecting and cleaning bushings to remove dirt, debris, and corrosion.
- Lubricating bushings according to the manufacturer’s specifications to minimize friction and wear.
- Replacing worn or damaged bushings promptly to prevent further damage or failure.
- Implement a preventative maintenance schedule to inspect and maintain bushings and other critical components.
How to Measure Forged Bushings?
Forged bushings are crucial in numerous industries, including automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing. These bushings must be measured accurately to meet quality standards and specific dimensions for their intended applications. This article will discuss how to measure forged bushings and the tools and techniques used in the process.
Why Measure Forged Bushings?
Measuring forged bushings serves several purposes, including:
Ensuring proper dimensions
Ensuring that the forged bushings have the correct dimensions for their intended applications is vital. Incorrect dimensions could lead to component failure, costly repairs, or even catastrophic accidents.
Meeting quality standards
Industries that use forged bushings have strict quality standards that must be met. Accurate measurements are essential to ensure the forged bushings comply with these standards.
Monitoring production processes
Manufacturers can monitor their production processes by measuring forged bushings and identify any issues that may require attention or adjustments.
Tools and Equipment for Measuring Forged Bushings
There are several tools and equipment used for measuring forged bushings, including:
Calipers
Calipers are versatile instruments that measure length, diameter, and thickness. They come in various types, such as vernier, dial, and digital calipers.
Micrometers
Micrometers offer higher precision than calipers and measure smaller dimensions such as diameter and thickness.
Optical comparators
Optical comparators are used to inspect and measure the geometric properties of forged bushings, including their straightness and surface quality.
Measuring Length
Importance of accurate length measurement
Accurate length measurements are crucial for ensuring the proper fit and function of the forged bushings in their intended applications.
Length measurement process
To measure the length of a forged bushing, use a calibrated measuring tape or a large vernier caliper. Ensure the measuring tool is parallel to the bushing and record the measurement.
Measuring Diameter
Importance of accurate diameter measurement
Diameter measurements are essential for determining the correct fit between components, ensuring proper functionality, and preventing failure.
Diameter measurement process
To measure the diameter of a forged bushing, use a caliper or a micrometer. Place the measuring tool around the bushing’s circumference and ensure it is perpendicular to the surface. Record the measurement and repeat the process at different points along the bushing to check for consistency.
Measuring Thickness
Importance of accurate thickness measurement
Accurate thickness measurements are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the forged bushing and ensuring that it meets the required specifications.
Thickness measurement process
To measure the thickness of a forged bushing, use a caliper or micrometer. Place the measuring tool across the width of the bushing, ensuring it is perpendicular to the surface. Record the measurement and repeat the process at different points along the bushing to check for consistency.
Surface Inspection
Visual inspection
Inspect the surface of the forged bushing for any defects, such as cracks, pits, or inclusions, which could compromise its quality and performance. This can be done with the naked eye, magnifying glass, or microscope.
Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic testing is a non-destructive method that uses high-frequency sound waves to detect defects within the material. This technique can identify subsurface flaws that may not be visible during a visual inspection.
Straightness Inspection
Manual inspection
To assess the straightness of a forged bushing, place it on a flat surface and use a straight edge or a ruler to check for any deviations. This method is suitable for quick checks but may not be the most accurate.
Laser scanning
Laser scanning offers a more precise and efficient method for assessing the straightness of forged bushings. A laser scanner measures the deviation of the bushing’s surface from a reference plane, providing accurate and detailed information about its straightness.
Material Analysis
Chemical composition
Analyzing the chemical composition of a forged bushing helps ensure that it meets the required specifications for its intended application. This can be done using spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, or combustion analysis methods.
Mechanical properties
Testing the mechanical properties of a forged bushing, such as its tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness, ensures that it meets the required performance criteria. Mechanical testing can be performed using methods such as tensile testing, impact testing, and hardness testing.
Dimensional Tolerance and Geometric Accuracy
Importance of tolerances
Dimensional tolerances specify the allowable variations in the dimensions of a forged bushing. Meeting these tolerances ensures proper fit and function in the intended application.
Checking geometric accuracy
Geometric accuracy refers to the shape and form of a forged bushing. This can be assessed using tools such as optical comparators or coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) to measure the bushing’s features and compare them to the required specifications.
Quality Control and Certification
Importance of quality control
Quality control ensures that forged bushings meet the required specifications and performance criteria. Regular inspections and measurements can help identify any issues early in production.
Types of certifications
Certifications, such as ISO 9001 or AS9100, help demonstrate that a manufacturer’s processes and products meet industry standards for quality and reliability.
Common Mistakes in Forged Bushing Measurements
Inaccurate tools
Using accurate or poorly calibrated measuring tools can lead to correct measurements and potential issues in the final product.
Operator error
Inaccurate measurements can also result from operator error, such as incorrect positioning of the measuring tool or misreading the measurement.
Inconsistent measurement process
Inconsistency in the measurement process can lead to measurement variations, affecting the forged bushing’s quality and performance.
Tips for Accurate Forged Bushing Measurements
Calibration
Ensure all measuring tools are properly calibrated and maintained to guarantee accurate measurements.
Training
Provide adequate training to operators to minimize errors and ensure consistent measurement processes.
Standardization
Implement standardized procedures for measuring forged bushings, and ensure that all operators adhere to these procedures to maintain consistency and accuracy.
Accurately measuring forged bushings is essential for ensuring their quality, performance, and compliance with industry standards. By using the appropriate tools and techniques, implementing strict quality control measures, and adhering to standardized procedures, manufacturers can produce high-quality forged bushings that meet the requirements of their intended applications.
Application of Forged Bushings
Forged bushings’ unique properties and advantages make them ideal for various applications across different industries:
- 1. Automotive Industry: Forged bushings are commonly used in the automotive industry to produce essential components such as connecting rods, transmission gears, and axle shafts. These components require high strength and durability to withstand harsh operating conditions and ensure vehicle reliability and performance.
- 2. Aerospace Industry: The aerospace industry relies on forged bushings for manufacturing critical components such as landing gear, engine parts, and structural components. The superior strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and durability offered by forged bushings make them ideal for aerospace applications, where safety and performance are crucial.
- 3. Oil and Gas Industry: Forged bushings are employed in the oil and gas industry for manufacturing valves, fittings, flanges, and other components exposed to high pressure and temperature conditions. The improved mechanical properties and resistance to fatigue offered by forged bushings make them suitable for these demanding applications.
- 4. Power Generation Industry: In power generation, forged bushings manufacture turbine components, generator parts, and other high-stress components. These components require high strength, resistance to wear, and the ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures, making forged bushings an ideal choice.
- 5. Shipbuilding and Marine Industry: The shipbuilding and marine industry benefit from the corrosion resistance, strength, and durability of forged bushings. They are used to manufacture propeller shafts, rudders, and other structural components that need to withstand the corrosive marine environment.
- 6. Heavy Machinery and Equipment: Forged bushings produce gears, shafts, and other components. These components require high strength and durability to withstand extreme operating conditions and minimize wear and tear.
- 7. Construction Industry: The construction industry uses forged bushings to manufacture anchors, fasteners, and other components that provide structural support and stability. The increased strength and durability of forged bushings make them suitable for these applications.
How to purchase the correct forged bushings?
Factors to Consider When Purchasing Forged Bushings:
Material Selection
The choice of material for your forged bushings is critical, as it directly affects their durability, wear resistance, and performance. Common materials used for forged bushings include:
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Steel: Suitable for high-stress applications due to its excellent strength and wear resistance.
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Bronze: Offers excellent corrosion resistance and self-lubricating properties, making it ideal for wet or high-friction environments.
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Aluminum: Lightweight and resistant to corrosion, but not as strong or wear-resistant as steel or bronze.
Size and Dimensional Tolerances
To ensure proper fit and function, it’s essential to select bushings with the correct size and dimensional tolerances. Always refer to the manufacturer’s specifications and guidelines when choosing bushings, and consult with an engineer if necessary.
Load Capacity and Operating Conditions
Consider the load capacity and operating conditions of your application when selecting bushings. Factors such as temperature, speed, and lubrication can significantly impact bushing performance and lifespan. Always choose bushings designed to withstand the specific conditions of your application.
Customization and Special Features
In some cases, you may require customized bushings or special features to meet the unique requirements of your application. These may include:
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Grooves: To accommodate lubrication channels or sensors.
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Flanges: To provide additional support and stability.
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Threaded Inserts: To facilitate mounting and installation.
How to select forged bushings manufacturer?
Selecting the manufacturer of the right forged bushing requires careful consideration of various factors, including quality, experience, capacity, customization, certification, pricing, location, reputation, and additional services offered. By considering all these aspects, you can make an informed decision and choose a reliable and experienced manufacturer that will deliver high-quality forged bushings for your project.
Factors to Consider when Selecting a Forged Bushings Manufacturer
A. Quality
The quality of the forged bushings is of paramount importance. Always choose a manufacturer that adheres to strict quality control standards and utilizes advanced technology to produce high-quality forged bushings.
B. Experience
The manufacturer’s experience in the industry is an essential factor to consider. An experienced manufacturer will have the knowledge and expertise to produce high-quality forged bushings and meet your requirements.
C. Capacity
The production capacity of the manufacturer should be taken into account. Ensure the manufacturer can handle your order volume, whether a small or large-scale project.
D. Customization
Your project may require customized forged bushings with unique specifications. Choose a manufacturer offering customization options, ensuring they meet your specific needs.
E. Certification
Check if the manufacturer holds relevant certifications, such as ISO or AS9100. These certifications are an indication of their commitment to quality and industry standards.
F. Pricing
While pricing should not be the sole determining factor, it is essential to consider the cost of the forged bushings. Select a manufacturer that offers competitive pricing without compromising quality.
G. Location
The location of the manufacturer can affect shipping times and logistics costs. Opt for a conveniently located manufacturer that can deliver the forged bushings within your desired timeframe.
Evaluating a Manufacturer’s Reputation
A. Customer Reviews
Read through customer reviews and testimonials to understand the manufacturer’s reputation. Positive feedback from satisfied customers is a good indication of the manufacturer’s reliability and commitment to quality.
B. Industry Recognition
Look for manufacturers that have received industry awards or recognition, which indicates their dedication to excellence and innovation in forged bushings manufacturing.
Additional Services Offered
A. In-House Testing
Choose a manufacturer that offers in-house testing and inspection services. This ensures that the forged bushings meet your specifications and quality requirements before shipping them.
B. On-Time Delivery
On-time delivery is crucial for any project. Select a manufacturer with a track record of delivering orders on time to avoid potential delays or disruptions to your project schedule.
C. After-Sales Support
After-sales support is an essential aspect of any business relationship. Choose a manufacturer that offers excellent customer service and support, including addressing any concerns or issues you may have with the forged bushings after delivery.
Why Choose Jihua to Be Your forged bushing Supplier?
At Jihua, we pride ourselves on providing top-notch forged bushings that meet industry standards. Our state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities and experienced team of engineers ensure that every forged bushing we produce is exceptional, with precise dimensions and impeccable surface finish. By choosing Jihua as your forged bushing supplier, you can be confident that you are receiving products that will exceed your expectations and stand the test of time.
Wide Range of Materials and Sizes
Our extensive selection of materials and sizes sets us apart from other forged bushing suppliers. We offer a diverse range of metals, including stainless steel, alloy steel, carbon steel, and superalloys, to meet the unique requirements of various industries. Our forged bushings are available in various diameters and lengths, ensuring we can fulfill any order, no matter how specialized or demanding.
Tailored Solutions for Your Specific Needs
At Jihua, we understand that each customer has unique requirements and challenges. That’s why we offer customized solutions tailored to your specific needs. Our skilled engineers will work closely with you to develop and produce forged bushings that meet your specifications. Whether you require a particular material, size, or surface finish, we have the expertise and resources to deliver the perfect solution for your project.
Competitive Pricing and Exceptional Value
We know that cost is crucial when selecting a forged bushing supplier. At Jihua, we are committed to providing our customers with competitive pricing without compromising quality. Our streamlined manufacturing processes and extensive industry experience allow us to offer exceptional value, ensuring that you receive the best possible product at a fair price.
Fast Lead Times and Reliable Delivery
In today’s fast-paced business world, time is of the essence. We understand the importance of delivering your forged bushings promptly and reliably. Our efficient production processes and well-established logistics network ensure that your order will be completed and delivered on time every time. By choosing Jihua as your forged bushing supplier, you can rest assured that your project will stay on track and schedule.
Unparalleled Customer Support
Customer satisfaction is at the core of our business. Our dedicated customer support team is always available to answer any questions or address any concerns. From the moment you place your order to the final delivery of your forged bushings, we will be with you every step to ensure a seamless and hassle-free experience.
Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing
At Jihua, we recognize the importance of protecting the environment and are committed to sustainable manufacturing practices. Our eco-friendly production processes and adherence to strict environmental regulations ensure that our forged bushings are produced with minimal environmental impact. By choosing Jihua as your forged bushing supplier, you can be confident that you are partnering with a company that values and prioritizes environmental responsibility.
Global Presence and Reputation
As a leading global forged bushing supplier, Jihua has established a strong presence and reputation in the international market. Our extensive network of satisfied customers and partners is a testament to our commitment to quality, innovation, and customer service. By partnering with Jihua, you can be assured that you are working with a company with the expertise and resources to support your business globally.
State-of-the-Art Research and Development
Innovation is at the heart of our success at Jihua. Our research and development team is constantly exploring new materials, technologies, and manufacturing techniques to improve the performance and durability of our forged bushings. By staying at the forefront of industry advancements, we can offer our customers cutting-edge products that set the standard for quality and performance. When you choose Jihua as your forged bushing supplier, you can be sure that you are receiving products incorporating the latest industry innovations.
Strict Quality Control and Assurance
To guarantee the highest quality forged bushings, we have implemented a rigorous quality control and assurance system at every stage of the production process. From selecting raw materials to the final inspection and testing finished products, our experienced quality control team ensures that every forged bushing meets our strict quality standards. By maintaining our unwavering commitment to quality, we can provide our customers with forged bushings they can trust to perform reliably in even the most demanding applications.
Certifications and Compliance
As a leading forged bushing supplier, Jihua is fully committed to complying with all applicable industry standards and regulations. We hold various certifications, including ISO, demonstrating our dedication to maintaining the highest levels of quality and safety in our products and processes. By choosing Jihua as your forged bushing supplier, you can be certain that you are partnering with a company that values compliance and adheres to the strictest industry standards.
Long-Term Partnerships and Collaboration
At Jihua, we believe in building long-lasting relationships with our customers and partners. By fostering a collaborative environment and maintaining open lines of communication, we can better understand your needs and work together to achieve your goals. Our commitment to long-term partnerships ensures we can provide ongoing support and resources to help your business grow and succeed.
Experience and Expertise
With years of experience in the forged bushing industry, our team of skilled professionals has the knowledge and expertise to provide you with the best possible solutions for your projects. Our in-depth understanding of various industries unique requirements and challenges enables us to offer expert guidance and advice to help you make the best decisions for your business.
Jihua is the ideal choice for your forged bushing supplier due to our commitment to quality, innovation, customer satisfaction, and environmental responsibility. Our extensive range of products, tailored solutions, competitive pricing, fast lead times, and exceptional customer support make us the preferred partner for businesses worldwide. By choosing Jihua as your forged bushing supplier, you can be confident that you are working with a company dedicated to your success.
Export Country For Forged Bushings
| MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA | NORTH AMERICA | EUROPE | ASIA | SOUTH AMERICA |
| Saudi Arabia | Nigeria | Usa | Russia | India | Argentina |
| Iran | Algeria | Canada | Norway | Singapore | Bolivia |
| Iraq | Angola | Mexico | Germany | Malaysia | Brazil |
| Uae | South Africa | Panama | France | Indonesia | Chile |
| Qatar | Libya | Costa Rica | Italy | Thailand | Venezuela |
| Bahrain | Egypt | Puerto Rica | Uk | Vietnam | Colombia |
| Oman | Sudan | Trinidad And Tobago | Spain | South Korea | Ecuador |
| Kuwait | Equatorial Guinea | Jamaica | Ukraine | Japan | Guyana |
| Turkey | The Republic Of Congo | Bahamas | Netherland | Sri Lanka | Paraguay |
| Yemen | Gabon | Denmark | Belgium | Maldives | Uruguay |
| Syria | Greece | Bangladesh | |||
| Jordan | Czech Republic | Mayanmar | |||
| Cyprus | Portugal | Taiwan | |||
| Hungary | Cambodia | ||||
| Albania | |||||
| Austria | |||||
| Switzerland | |||||
| Slovakia | |||||
| Finland | |||||
| Ireland | |||||
| Croatia | |||||
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| Malta |
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