Forged Pipes

Understanding your choice of forged pipes options

Understanding the different types of forged pipes, their materials, and their specific uses will help you make an informed decision when selecting the best option for your project. Always consider factors such as material, size, thickness, surface finish, and adherence to industry standards when choosing the most suitable forged pipe.

What are forged pipes?

The forged pipe is a kind of pipe forging made by the forging method. The processing method of the forging tube uses special forging machinery to apply a certain pressure to the corresponding metal billet. The metal billet produces a certain plastic deformation, which can obtain certain mechanical properties, shapes, and sizes of forgings. This cold forging process technology not only improves the finish, dimensional accuracy, and surface strength of the inner bore of the forged pipe but also extends its service life, making its application in the pipeline system more effective.

Types of forged pipes

Forged pipes come in various shapes and sizes to cater to different requirements.
Square Forged Pipes
Square-forged pipes are highly versatile and widely used in structural applications. These pipes are known for their excellent strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. Square-forged pipes are often used to construct buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure projects.
Rectangular Forged Pipes
Like square-forged pipes, rectangular forged pipes are also widely used in construction and structural applications. These pipes offer a larger surface area, making them suitable for applications that require high stability and support. Rectangular forged pipes are commonly used to manufacture furniture, automobile components, and other heavy-duty machinery.
Oval Forged Pipes
Oval forged pipes have an elliptical shape and are primarily used in applications where space constraints require an alternative to traditional round pipes. These pipes offer a unique combination of strength and aesthetics, making them ideal for architectural projects, automotive exhaust systems, and decorative railings.
Round Forged Pipes
Round-forged pipes are the most common type and are used in various applications. Their circular shape provides excellent structural support and makes them ideal for plumbing, heating, and cooling systems. Round forged pipes are also commonly used in the oil and gas industry for transporting fluids and gases.
Hexagonal Forged Pipes
Hexagonal forged pipes are characterized by their six-sided shape, which offers increased strength and stability compared to round pipes. These pipes are used in various applications, such as the construction of fences, gates, and barriers. Hexagonal forged pipes are also used in the aerospace and defense industries for their exceptional strength and resistance to wear.
Hexagonal Inner Round Forged Pipes
Hexagonal inner round forged pipes feature a hexagonal interior and a round exterior. This unique design offers enhanced strength and stability, making these pipes ideal for high-pressure applications like hydraulic systems and high-performance machinery.
Equilateral Triangle Forged Pipe
Equilateral triangle forging pipes have a triangular cross-section and are used in applications requiring a unique shape for aesthetic or functional purposes. These pipes are commonly used to construct bridges, towers, and other structures requiring high stability and support.
Diamond Shaped Forged Pipe
Diamond-shaped forging pipes are characterized by their four-sided, diamond-shaped cross-section. These pipes offer a unique combination of strength, stability, and aesthetics, making them ideal for architectural projects, such as building facades and decorative railings.
Star Shaped Forged Pipe
Star-shaped forging pipes have a unique, multi-sided cross-section that resembles a star. These pipes offer excellent strength and stability, making them suitable for various structural applications. Star-shaped forging pipes are used to construct towers, bridges, and other infrastructure projects.

Materials Used in Forged Pipes

Forged pipes can be made from various materials, each with unique properties suited for specific applications. Some common materials include:

Titanium forged pipes	ASTM B381 / ASME SB381, Titanium Gr. 1, Titanium Gr. 2, Titanium Gr. 4, Titanium Gr. 5, Titanium Gr. 7, ASTM R50250/GR.1| R50400/GR.2 | R50550/GR.3 | R50700/GR.4 | GR.6 |R52400/GR.7 | R53400/GR.12 | R56320/GR.9 |R56400/GR.5
Copper forged pipes	T1, T2, C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, C10800, C10910,C10920, TP1, TP2, C10930, C11000, C11300, C11400, C11500, C11600, C12000,C12200, C12300, TU1, TU2, C12500, C14200, C14420, C14500, C14510, C14520, C14530, C17200, C19200, C21000, C23000, C26000, C27000, C27400, C28000, C33000, C33200, C37000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, C63020, C68700, C70400, C70600, C70620, C71000, C71500, C71520, C71640, etc
Copper Nickel forged pipes	ASTM / ASME SB 61 / 62 / 151 / 152, Copper Nickel 90/10 (C70600 ), Cupro Nickel 70/30 (C71500), UNS C71640
Carbon Steel forged pipes	ASTM/ASME A/SA105 A/SA105N & A/SA216-WCB, DIN 1.0402, DIN 1.0460, DIN 1.0619, Die Steel, ASTM A105 / ASME SA105, A105N, ASTM A350 LF2 / ASME SA350, High Yield CS ASTM A694 / A694 (F52 F56 F60 F65 F70 F80)
Stainless Steel forged pipes	ASTM/ASME A/SA182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L, ASTM/ASME A/SA351 CF8, CF3, CF8M, CF3M, DIN 1.4301, DIN 1.4306, DIN 1.4401, DIN 1.4404, DIN 1.4308, DIN 1.4408, DIN 1.4306, DIN 1.4409
Alloy Steel forged pipes	ASTM A182 / ASME SA182 F5, F9, F11, F12, F22, F91
Hastelloy forged pipes	ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276), C22 (UNS N06022), C4, C2000, B2, B3, X
Brass forged pipes	3602 / 2604 / H59 / H62 / etc.
Inconel forged pipes	ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Inconel 600, 601, 625, 718, 783, 690, x750
Monel forged pipes	ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Monel 400 (UNS No. N04400), Monel 500 (UNS No. N05500)
Duplex forged pipes	S31803 / S32205 A182 Gr F51 / F52 / F53 / F54 / F55 / F57 / F59 / F60 / F61
Super Duplex forged pipes	S32750 / S32760 A182 Gr F51 / F52 / F53 / F54 / F55 / F57 / F59 / F60 / F61
Alloy 20 forged pipes	ASTM B462 / ASME SB462, Carpenter 20 Alloy, Alloy 20Cb-3
Aluminium forged pipes	5052 /6061/ 6063 / 2017 / 7075 / etc.
Nickel forged pipes	ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Nickel 200, Nickel 201, Nickel 205, Nickel 205LC
Nimonic forged pipes	Nimonic 75, Nimonic 80A, Nimonic 90
Other forged pipesmaterial	Tin bronze, Alumunum bronze, Lead bronze
Incoloy forged pipes	ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Incoloy 800, 800H, 800HT (UNS N08800), 825 (UNS N08825), 925
254 Smo forged pipes	ASTM A182 / ASME SA182, SMO 254/6Mo, UNS S31254, DIN 1.4547

Dimensions of Forged Pipes

The forged pipes’ dimensions, specifications, and the factors influencing their design.
Standard Dimensional Specifications
To ensure international standards, such as ASME, ASTM, and ANSI typically specify compatibility and interchangeability, forged pipe dimensions. These standards guide the pipe’s nominal size, outside diameter, wall thickness, and weight.
Nominal Size and Outside Diameter
The nominal size of a forged pipe refers to its approximate internal diameter. This value is expressed in inches or millimeters and is often designated by the acronym “NPS” or “DN” for metric sizes. The pipe’s outside diameter (OD) is measured in inches or millimeters and must adhere to specific tolerances specified by the relevant standard. Common nominal sizes range from 1/2 inch (DN15) to 24 inches (DN600), with larger custom sizes available for specialized applications.
Wall Thickness and Schedule
The wall thickness of a forged pipe is a crucial factor that affects its pressure rating and overall strength. Pipes are classified into schedules, designated by the term “Sch,” followed by a number. The schedule number signifies the wall thickness, with higher numbers indicating thicker walls. Common schedules include Sch 40, Sch 80, Sch 160, and Sch XXS. Each schedule has a corresponding pressure rating based on the pipe material and temperature.
Weight and Length
The weight of a forged pipe is expressed in pounds per foot or kilograms per meter and depends on its outside diameter, wall thickness, and material. Standard lengths of forged pipes are generally 20 feet (6 meters) or 40 feet (12 meters), although custom lengths can be manufactured upon request.

Dimensions of Steel Pipes ASME B36.10 and B36.19

NPS	OD	5S/5		10S		10		20		30		40S/STD		40		60		80S/XS		80		100		120		140		160		XXS
	mm	Wall¹	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m	Wall	Kg/m
1/8″	10,3			1,24	0,28	1,24	0,28			1,45	0,32	1,73	0,37	1,73	0,37			2,41	0,47	2,41	0,47							3,15	0,56	4,83	0,65
1/4″	13,7			1,65	0,49	1,65	0,49			1,85	0,54	2,24	0,63	2,24	0,63			3,02	0,80	3,02	0,80							3,68	0,91	6,05	1,41
3/8″	17,1			1,65	0,63	1,65	0,63			1,85	0,70	2,31	0,84	2,31	0,84			3,20	1,10	3,20	1,10							4,01	1,29	6,40	1,69
1/2″	21,3	1,65	0,80	2,11	1,00	2,11	1,00			2,41	1,12	2,77	1,27	2,77	1,27			3,73	1,62	3,73	1,62							4,78	1,95	7,47	2,55
3/4″	26,7	1,65	1,02	2,11	1,28	2,11	1,28			2,41	1,44	2,87	1,69	2,87	1,69			3,91	2,20	3,91	2,20							5,56	2,90	7,82	3,64
1″	33,4	1,65	1,29	2,77	2,09	2,77	2,09			2,90	2,18	3,38	2,50	3,38	2,50			4,55	3,24	4,55	3,24							6,35	4,24	9,09	5,45
1.1/4″	42,2	1,65	1,65	2,77	2,69	2,77	2,69			2,97	2,87	3,56	3,39	3,56	3,39			4,85	4,47	4,85	4,47							6,35	5,61	9,70	7,77
1.1/2″	48,3	1,65	1,90	2,77	3,11	2,77	3,11			3,18	3,50	3,68	4,05	3,68	4,05			5,08	5,41	5,08	5,41							7,14	7,25	10,15	9,55
2″	60,3	1,65	2,39	2,77	3,93	2,77	3,93			3,18	4,48	3,91	5,44	3,91	5,44			5,54	7,48	5,54	7,48							8,74	11,11	11,07	13,44
2.1/2″	73,0	2,11	3,69	3,05	5,26	3,05	5,26			4,78	8,04	5,16	8,63	5,16	8,63			7,01	11,41	7,01	11,41							9,53	14,92	14,02	20,39
3″	88,9	2,11	4,52	3,05	6,46	3,05	6,46			4,78	9,92	5,49	11,29	5,49	11,29			7,62	15,27	7,62	15,27							11,13	21,35	15,24	27,68
3.1/2″	101,6	2,11	5,18	3,05	7,41	3,05	7,41			4,78	11,41	5,74	13,57	5,74	13,57			8,08	18,64	8,08	18,64
4″	114,3	2,11	5,84	3,05	8,37	3,05	8,37			4,78	12,91	6,02	16,08	6,02	16,08			8,56	22,32	8,56	22,32			11,13	28,32			13,49	33,54	17,12	41,03
5″	141,3	2,77	9,46	3,40	11,56	3,40	11,56					6,55	21,77	6,55	21,77			9,53	30,97	9,53	30,97			12,70	40,28			15,88	49,12	19,05	57,43
6″	168,3	2,77	11,31	3,40	13,83	3,40	13,83					7,11	28,26	7,11	28,26			10,97	42,56	10,97	42,56			14,27	54,21			18,26	67,57	21,95	79,22
8″	219,1	2,77	14,78	3,76	19,97	3,76	19,97	6,35	33,32	7,04	36,82	8,18	42,55	8,18	42,55	10,31	53,09	12,70	64,64	12,70	64,64	15,09	75,92	18,26	90,44	20,62	100,93	23,01	111,27	22,23	107,93
10″	273,0	3,40	22,61	4,19	27,78	4,19	27,78	6,35	41,76	7,80	51,01	9,27	60,29	9,27	60,29	12,70	81,53	12,70	81,53	15,09	95,98	18,26	114,71	21,44	133,01	25,40	155,10	28,58	172,27	25,40	155,10
12″	323,8	3,96	31,24	4,57	35,98	4,57	35,98	6,35	49,71	8,38	65,19	9,53	73,86	10,31	79,71	14,27	108,93	12,70	97,44	17,48	132,05	21,44	159,87	25,40	186,92	28,58	208,08	33,32	238,69	25,40	186,92
14″	355,6	3,96	34,34	4,78	41,36	6,35	54,69	7,92	67,91	9,53	81,33	9,53	81,33	11,13	94,55	15,09	126,72	12,70	107,40	19,05	158,11	23,83	194,98	27,79	224,66	31,75	253,58	35,71	281,72
16″	406,4	4,19	41,56	4,78	47,34	6,35	62,65	7,92	77,83	9,53	93,27	9,53	93,27	12,70	123,31	16,66	160,13	12,70	123,31	21,44	203,54	26,19	245,57	30,96	286,66	36,53	333,21	40,49	365,38
18″	457,0	4,19	46,79	4,78	53,31	6,35	70,57	7,92	87,71	11,13	122,38	9,53	105,17	14,27	155,81	19,05	205,75	12,70	139,16	23,83	254,57	29,36	309,64	34,93	363,58	39,67	408,28	45,24	459,39
20″	508,0	4,78	59,32	5,54	68,65	6,35	78,56	9,53	117,15	12,70	155,13	9,53	117,15	15,09	183,43	20,62	247,84	12,70	155,13	26,19	311,19	32,54	381,55	38,10	441,52	44,45	508,15	50,01	564,85
22″	559,0	4,78	65,33	5,54	75,62	6,35	86,55	9,53	129,14	12,70	171,10	9,53	129,14			22,23	294,27	12,70	171,10	28,58	373,85	34,93	451,45	41,28	527,05	47,63	600,67	53,98	672,30
24″	610,0	5,54	82,58	6,35	94,53	6,35	94,53	9,53	141,12	14,27	209,65	9,53	141,12	17,48	255,43	24,61	355,28	12,70	187,07	30,96	442,11	38,89	547,74	46,02	640,07	52,37	720,19	59,54	808,27
26″	660,0					7,92	127,36	12,70	202,74			9,53	152,88					12,70	202,74
28″	711,0					7,92	137,32	12,70	218,71	15,88	272,23	9,53	164,86					12,70	218,71
30″	762,0	6,35	118,34	7,92	147,29	7,92	147,29	12,70	234,68	15,88	292,20	9,53	176,85					12,70	234,68
32″	813,0					7,92	157,25	12,70	250,65	15,88	312,17	9,53	188,83	17,48	342,94			12,70	250,65
34″	864,0					7,92	167,21	12,70	266,63	15,88	332,14	9,53	200,82	17,48	364,92			12,70	266,63
36″	914,0					7,92	176,97	12,70	282,29	15,88	351,73	9,53	212,57	19,05	420,45			12,70	282,29
38″	965,0											9,53	224,56					12,70	298,26
40″	1016,0											9,53	236,54					12,70	314,23
42″	1067,0											9,53	248,53					12,70	330,21
44″	1118,0											9,53	260,52					12,70	346,18
46″	1168,0											9,53	272,27					12,70	361,84
48″	1219,0											9,53	284,25					12,70	377,81

1. Wall thickness in mm.
General: Different grades of stainless steel have different specific densities and hence their weight may be less than or greater than the weights listed in this table.

The Forging Process of Forged Pipes

ASTM A182 F91 forged pipe belongs to the sleeve type forgings and is an important raw material for boiler pipe fittings; the quality of the pipe fittings has a greater impact, so control of its quality is of great significance. 91 series steel is the original 9Cr-1Mo type steel based on the addition of strengthening elements V, Nb, N, and so on to the formation of metamorphic steel. Usually referred to as martensitic heat-resistant steel, but the amount of Cr in the U.S. standard is less than 10% as ferritic series, so the name of the standard is still ferritic type (in fact, the type of organization is available through different treatment processes and different phases, so do not have to be bound to the name). In China GB5310-2008, the similar steel grade is 10Cr9Mo1VNb (seamless steel pipe for high-pressure boiler) compared with another Chinese grade 1Cr9Mo1VNb, less N. The same as the U.S. 91 steel is 1Cr9Mo1VNb (N) heat-resistant steel. Now we will introduce the quality control of forging this material with the finished product φ400xφ280×980 as an example.

1. Design forging drawing

Design forging diagram, forging billet diagram, see Figure 1. 937Kg of ingot weight is selected by calculation, the choice of ingot weight, specifications are very important to consider the taper of the mandrel and the internal and external surface is not smooth polygonal additional material, but also consider the processing allowance and the amount of burn loss.

Figure.1 Forging billet diagram

2. Control of ingot

Northeast Special Steel produces the ingot; the smelting method is electric furnace smelting + extra-furnace refining and vacuum degassing; we require four types of non-metallic inclusions coarse and fine system ≤ 1.5, total ≤ 4.5, better than the provisions of GB5310-95; H, O content control in [H] ≤ 3PPM, [O] ≤ 40PPM; five harmful elements Pb, Sn, As, Sb, Bi content are controlled to 200PPM or less, chemical elements to meet the standard requirements, see Table 1 below.

Table.1 91 Steel chemical composition (wt. / %)

Ni max	C	Cr	Mo	N	Si	Nb	V	P max	S max
0.4	0.08-0.12	8.0-9.5	0.85-1.05	0.03-0.07	0.2-0.5	0.06-0.1	0.18-0.25	0.02	0.01
Tensile strength:585 mpa min
Yield strength:415mpa min
Elongation:20%

2.1 The harm of non-metallic inclusions

Sulfides reduce the corrosion resistance of steel and plasticity, toughness, and fatigue resistance.

Oxides and silicates destroy the continuity of the steel matrix and lead to stress concentration, thus reducing steel’s plasticity, toughness, and fatigue resistance.

Nitride makes the steel brittleness rise significantly, easy to form cracks.

2.2 Hydrogen and oxygen content control on the quality of steel ingots as follows

Hydrogen in steel is the main hazard of hydrogen cracking defects.

Oxygen will make the mechanical properties of steel decline, and the formation of oxidation inclusions also has the same reduction in steel plasticity, toughness, and fatigue resistance.

2.3 The danger of the five harmful elements

Their melting point and the melting point of steel than relatively low; when the steel is in a solid, they are still in the liquid. Therefore, they are called low melting point elements.

When their content in steel exceeds a certain limit, they will significantly reduce the high-temperature mechanical properties, increase the high-temperature brittleness of steel, and reduce steel’s strength and toughness, making steel brittle.

They are often co-born in one, causing serious segregation, and rarely exist alone, so the damage to the steel is greater.

3. Forging process control

Gas heating furnace heating to forging temperature, the beginning of the forging temperature is less than 1200 ℃, the actual control is 1180 ℃, the final forging temperature is greater than 800 ℃, and the actual control is 850 ℃. The heating time is more than 12.5h to achieve complete austenitization. Beginning forging temperature, the heating temperature of the billet is generally the starting temperature of forging called the beginning forging temperature. Generally lower than the liquid phase line 150-200 degrees, generally speaking, in the premise of not “overheating,” the heating temperature should be as high as possible. The higher the starting forging temperature, the better the plasticity of the material, and the smaller the deformation resistance; the higher the starting forging temperature, the wider the forging temperature range, the longer the forging time, the forging fire times (forging heating times), the less it can improve productivity and reduce energy consumption. At the final forging temperature, the billet in the forging deformation process, the heat gradually dissipates, the temperature drops, the tendency to work hardening increases, plasticity decreases, continue deformation difficulties, and may crack. Therefore, forging deformation must stop at the appropriate temperature, called the final forging temperature. The final forging temperature generally cannot be lower than the metal’s recrystallization temperature so as not to work hardening caused by deformation difficulties or even fracture the workpiece scrap. But it also cannot be much higher than the recrystallization temperature or stop forging recrystallization grain coarse, so the forging temperature range narrows. Heating and insulation, heating and insulation are to make the billet temperature uniform, uniform organization, and malleability uniform, but at high temperatures, for too long will produce an “overheating” phenomenon. Therefore, the heating insulation time to billet heat through the limit, depending on the heating furnace power, furnace temperature, and the thermal conductivity of metal materials.

Forging in 3150 fast forging machines, forging ratio requirements greater than 6, after pier coarse – pulling long – pier coarse – punching – pulling long – reaming, forging furnace cooling, and then annealing heat treatment. The heating curve is shown in Figure 2.

Figure.2 Heating curve diagram

4. Forging inspection

Forging inspection is vital in the manufacturing industry, ensuring that forged components meet the required quality and performance standards. Manufacturers can ensure the integrity, safety, and reliability of their forged products by conducting thorough preliminary inspections, hardness, metallographic tests, chemical composition tests, and mechanical properties tests.

Preliminary Inspection of Forging Blanks

A. Appearance and Size Inspection

The preliminary inspection of forging blanks involves checking the appearance and size of the blanks to ensure they meet the specified standards. In terms of appearance, inspectors look for cracks, surface defects, and other irregularities that could affect the integrity and performance of the final product. Size inspection involves verifying that the blank allowance falls within the range required by the engineering drawings and maintaining accurate records for future reference.

B. Importance of Preliminary Inspection

Preliminary inspections are vital in identifying potential issues early in the forging process. Detecting defects and discrepancies in the forging blanks allows manufacturers to address problems before they escalate, reducing waste and ensuring that the final components meet the desired quality standards.

Hardness and Metallographic Test Results

A. Hardness Testing

Hardness testing is a crucial aspect of forging inspection, as it measures the resistance of a material to deformation, indentation, or penetration. This test helps determine the material’s suitability for specific applications and indicates how well it can withstand wear and tear. Common hardness testing methods include the Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers tests, each with unique scales and indentation techniques.

B. Metallographic Testing

Metallographic testing involves analyzing the microstructure of the forged material to assess its quality, mechanical properties, and potential defects. This process typically requires the preparation of metallographic samples, followed by optical or electron microscopes examination. Key aspects of metallographic analysis include grain size, phase distribution, and the presence of any inclusions or defects.

Chemical Composition Test

The chemical composition of a material is a critical factor in determining its properties and performance. In forging inspection, chemical composition tests verify that the material’s composition aligns with the specified requirements. These tests typically involve techniques such as optical emission spectrometry (OES), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), or atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), which accurately identify and quantify the various elements present in the material.

Mechanical Properties Test

A. Tensile Testing

Tensile testing is a common mechanical property test that measures the material’s resistance to being pulled apart. This test provides valuable information about the material’s ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, which are essential in determining its suitability for various applications.

B. Impact Testing

Impact testing assesses a material’s ability to absorb energy and resist fracture under sudden impact. The Charpy V-notch and Izod tests are standard methods for impact testing, providing information about the material’s toughness, ductility, and resistance to brittle fracture.

C. Fatigue Testing

Fatigue testing evaluates a material’s ability to withstand cyclic loading over an extended period. This test helps determine the material’s fatigue strength and endurance limit, crucial factors in predicting component life and ensuring reliable performance in various applications.

5. Heat treatment control

F91 AC1 and AC3 according to the difference in composition, AC1 temperature between 800 ℃ and 830 ℃, AC3 temperature between 890 ℃ and 940 ℃. Ms temperature (martensite transformation end temperature) in 100 ℃ (210 °F) or more; F91 material in a relatively wide range of cooling rate, austenite organization completely transformed into martensite organization, and this speed range is usually normalized to meet, so the heat treatment process of F91 material is generally normalized + tempering. The heat treatment curve is shown in Figure 3.

Figure.3 Heat Treatment Curve

6. Rough machining
After the forging is formed, various forgings specifications are processed according to product requirements, leaving a margin for precision machining.
7. Precision machining
The forged pipe forgings after rough machining and heat treatment are precision machined using CNC machine tools to ensure that the forged pipes’ dimensional accuracy, smoothness, and other aspects fully meet the forging drawings’ requirements.
8. Appearance inspection of forged pipes
The main purpose is to inspect whether the appearance of forged pipes meets the size specifications on the customer’s drawings. And carry out ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), hardness testing, tolerance testing, carburization, and other inspections required by the drawings.
9. Mechanical performance testing
To meet customer needs, the mechanical properties of forgings must be tested, mainly yield, tensile, impact, and metallographic tests. Meet the needs of forged pipe inspection.
10. Surface treatment
After visual inspection, mechanical performance testing, and other quality inspections, it has been proven that the quality of the forged pipe product is qualified. Then, according to the customer’s requirements, carry out finishing work such as spraying, rust prevention, and painting.

11. Marking, Packaging, and Transportation: Delivering Quality Forged Pipes

Once the forged pipes have undergone precision machining, they are marked with identifying information, such as part number, heat number, and material grade. They are then carefully packaged to prevent damage during transportation. Finally, the pipes are shipped to their final destination, ready to be integrated into various applications across numerous industries.

How to Measure Forged Pipes?

I measure forged pipes and provide essential tips and best practices to ensure accuracy and precision.

I. Choosing the Right Measurement Tools

To measure forged pipes accurately, it’s essential to use the appropriate tools. Here is a list of recommended tools to help you obtain precise measurements:

• Measuring tape or caliper: A measuring tape or a digital caliper will provide accurate measurements of the forged pipe’s outer diameter (OD), inner diameter (ID), and wall thickness.

• Pipe schedule chart: A pipe schedule chart is a reference guide that lists standard dimensions for different pipe sizes and schedules. This will help you determine the correct nominal pipe size (NPS) and wall thickness for your application.

• Straight edge and level: A straight edge and level are essential for checking the straightness and alignment of the forged pipe during the measurement process.

II. Measuring Outer Diameter (OD) and Inner Diameter (ID)

The outer diameter (OD) and inner diameter (ID) are critical measurements for determining the size and fit of a forged pipe. Follow these steps to measure the OD and ID accurately:

• Measure the OD: Position the measuring tape or caliper around the outer circumference of the pipe. Ensure the tool is perpendicular to the pipe’s length, and measure several points along the pipe to ensure accuracy.

• Measure the ID: If the pipe has a visible opening, you can measure the ID directly by positioning the measuring tape or caliper inside the pipe. Otherwise, you can calculate the ID by subtracting twice the wall thickness from the OD.

III. Determining Wall Thickness and Pipe Schedule

The wall thickness of a forged pipe is essential for determining its pressure rating and overall strength. Here’s how to measure the wall thickness and identify the pipe schedule:

• Measure the wall thickness: Using a caliper, measure the distance between the outer and inner surfaces of the pipe at several points along its length. Make sure to take measurements at the thickest and thinnest sections of the pipe.

• Identify the pipe schedule: Refer to the pipe schedule chart and find the corresponding schedule number based on the measured OD, ID, and wall thickness. The schedule number indicates the pipe’s pressure rating and overall durability.

IV. Assessing Pipe Straightness and Alignment

Ensuring a forged pipe’s straightness and proper alignment is crucial for its performance and longevity. Here’s how to check these aspects:

• Check straightness: Place a straight edge along the length of the pipe. The pipe is considered straight if the straight edge rests evenly on the pipe without any gaps or deviations.

• Verify alignment: Place a level on the pipe’s surface to check its horizontal and vertical alignment. If the bubble is centered within the level, the pipe is aligned correctly.

V. Documenting Measurements and Inspection Results

Documenting the measurements and inspection results is essential for quality control and traceability. Ensure you record the following information:

• Forged pipe dimensions (OD, ID, wall thickness, and schedule number);

• Straightness and alignment results;

• Date and time of inspection;

• Inspector’s name and signature.

How to purchase the correct forged pipes?

Purchasing the correct forged pipes is critical to the success of your project. By considering the material, size and shape, tolerance and straightness, surface finish, heat treatment, quality certifications, and budget and pricing, you can ensure that you select the best possible pipes for your needs. Always prioritize quality and choose a reputable supplier or manufacturer to guarantee your forged pipes’ performance, reliability, and longevity.
Material of Forged Pipes
When selecting forged pipes, it’s crucial to consider the material used. Common materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, and non-ferrous metals. Carbon steel is economical, strong, and versatile, making it suitable for various applications. Stainless steel pipes offer excellent corrosion resistance, making them ideal for the chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Alloy steel pipes are known for their high strength, wear resistance, and durability, making them ideal for high-pressure applications. Non-ferrous metals such as copper, brass, and aluminum offer unique properties, including high conductivity and corrosion resistance, ideal for specific applications.
Size and Shape of Forged Pipes
Choosing the right size and shape for your forged pipes is essential. Several factors are to consider, including the nominal diameter, wall thickness, and pipe length. The nominal diameter ranges from 1/8″ to 48″, and selecting the correct size is essential to ensure proper flow and pressure. The wall thickness affects the pipe’s strength and durability, and it’s crucial to choose the right thickness based on the application’s pressure and temperature requirements. The pipe length can be customized based on the specific needs of your project.
Additionally, forged pipes come in various shapes, including round, square, rectangular, and oval. Choosing the right shape is essential based on the application and installation requirements.
Tolerance and Straightness of Forged Pipes
Precision is vital when it comes to forged pipes. It’s crucial to consider the tolerance and straightness of the pipes. Tolerance refers to the allowable deviation in dimensions, which can affect the pipe’s performance and compatibility with other components. Different standards like ANSI, ASME, and API have specific tolerance requirements. Ensure that the forged pipes you choose adhere to the relevant industry standards.
Straightness is another crucial factor, as it can impact the flow and pressure within the pipe system. Pipes with poor straightness can lead to uneven wear, leakage, and other issues. Ensure that the pipes you select have high straightness to guarantee optimal performance.
Surface Finish of Forged Pipes
The surface finish of forged pipes is vital to their performance and longevity. Pipes with smooth, even surfaces have better corrosion resistance and flow characteristics. The most common surface finishes include hot-dipped galvanized, electro-galvanized, black, and varnish coating. Choose the appropriate surface finish that provides the best protection and performance, depending on your application.
Heat Treatment of Forged Pipes
Heat treatment is essential for forged pipes, as it enhances their mechanical properties and overall performance. Common heat treatment methods include annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering. These processes can improve the pipe’s strength, ductility, and resistance to wear, corrosion, and fatigue. Ensure that your forged pipes have undergone the appropriate heat treatment for your specific application.
Quality Certifications of Forged Pipes
To guarantee the quality and reliability of forged pipes, choosing products with the necessary certifications is essential. Quality certifications, such as ISO 9001, API, and CE, ensure that the pipes meet industry standards and have been thoroughly tested for performance and safety. Always choose a reputable manufacturer or supplier that offers certified forged pipes.
Budget and Pricing of Forged Pipes
Lastly, consider your budget and the pricing of forged pipes. While it’s essential to prioritize quality, finding a balance between quality and affordability is crucial. Take the time to compare different suppliers and manufacturers to find the best value for your investment. Remember that material, size, shape, and additional treatments can significantly affect the price of forged pipes. Consider these factors when comparing prices and make an informed decision based on your project’s requirements and budget constraints.

How to select forged pipes manufacturer?

Choosing a forged pipe manufacturer is important for any enterprise requiring high-quality and reliable pipe solutions. The wrong choice may lead to project delays, increased costs, and potential hazards. What factors should we consider when selecting forging pipe manufacturers, how do we evaluate their reputation, and what other services that you should we be looking for?

Factors to Consider when Selecting a Forged Pipes Manufacturer

Quality

Quality is the top priority when selecting a manufacturer. The pipes must meet or exceed industry standards to ensure longevity and reliability. Inquire about the materials used, the manufacturing process, and any quality control measures in place. A reputable manufacturer should be fine providing detailed information about their product quality.

Experience

Experience is a significant factor in determining a manufacturer’s expertise in forged pipes. An experienced manufacturer will know the materials, processes, and industry standards extensively. Look for a company with a proven track record and a history of successful projects.

Capacity

Choose a manufacturer with the capacity to handle your project requirements. This includes the volume of pipes needed and the ability to meet deadlines and handle any unexpected changes in demand. A manufacturer with a flexible production schedule can help avoid delays and keep your project on track.

Customization

Customization is essential if you require unique specifications for your pipes. A manufacturer offering customization options can ensure that the pipes meet your requirements. Customization may include varying pipe sizes, materials, or finishes.

Certification

Certification is another crucial factor when selecting a manufacturer. Look for a company with relevant certifications from recognized industry organizations. These certifications testify to the manufacturer’s commitment to quality, safety, and environmental standards.

Pricing

While pricing should not be the sole determining factor, finding a manufacturer that offers competitive pricing without compromising quality is essential—request quotes from multiple manufacturers to compare their offerings and make an informed decision.

Location

The location of the manufacturer can impact the delivery time and shipping costs. A local manufacturer may offer faster delivery and lower transportation costs. However, weighing these benefits against other factors like quality and experience is essential.

Evaluating a Manufacturer’s Reputation

Customer Reviews

Customer reviews can provide valuable insights into a manufacturer’s quality, reliability, and customer service. Look for reviews from other businesses in your industry to ensure a fair comparison. Remember that no company is perfect, so consider the overall trend in the feedback.

Industry Recognition

Industry recognition, such as awards and commendations, can also help you gauge a manufacturer’s reputation. These accolades indicate a company’s commitment to excellence and innovation in the forged pipes sector.

Additional Services Offered

In-House Testing

In-house testing ensures the pipes meet quality and safety standards before leaving the manufacturer’s facility. This can save you time and money by reducing the risk of defects and potential hazards. A manufacturer with a robust in-house testing program demonstrates their commitment to quality and customer satisfaction.

On-Time Delivery

On-time delivery is critical for any project, as delays can increase costs and disruptions. Choose a manufacturer with a proven track record of meeting deadlines and a clear communication process to keep you updated on the progress of your order.

After-Sales Support

After-sales support is an essential aspect of a successful business relationship. A manufacturer that offers comprehensive after-sales support, such as technical assistance, warranty, and maintenance services, will ensure you get the most out of your investment in their products.

Why Choose Jihua to Be Your forged pipe Supplier?

At Jihua, we pride ourselves on providing top-notch forged pipes that meet industry standards. Our state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities and experienced team of engineers ensure that every forged pipe we produce is exceptional, with precise dimensions and impeccable surface finish. By choosing Jihua as your forged pipe supplier, you can be confident that you are receiving products that will exceed your expectations and stand the test of time.

Wide Range of Materials and Sizes

Our extensive selection of materials and sizes sets us apart from other forged pipe suppliers. We offer a diverse range of metals, including stainless steel, alloy steel, carbon steel, and superalloys, to meet the unique requirements of various industries. Our forged pipes are available in various diameters and lengths, ensuring we can fulfill any order, no matter how specialized or demanding.

Tailored Solutions for Your Specific Needs

At Jihua, we understand that each customer has unique requirements and challenges. That’s why we offer customized solutions tailored to your specific needs. Our skilled engineers will work closely with you to develop and produce forged pipes that meet your specifications. Whether you require a particular material, size, or surface finish, we have the expertise and resources to deliver the perfect solution for your project.

Competitive Pricing and Exceptional Value

We know that cost is crucial when selecting a forged pipe supplier. At Jihua, we are committed to providing our customers with competitive pricing without compromising quality. Our streamlined manufacturing processes and extensive industry experience allow us to offer exceptional value, ensuring that you receive the best possible product at a fair price.

Fast Lead Times and Reliable Delivery

In today’s fast-paced business world, time is of the essence. We understand the importance of delivering your forged pipes promptly and reliably. Our efficient production processes and well-established logistics network ensure that your order will be completed and delivered on time every time. By choosing Jihua as your forged pipe supplier, you can rest assured that your project will stay on track and schedule.

Unparalleled Customer Support

Customer satisfaction is at the core of our business. Our dedicated customer support team is always available to answer any questions or address any concerns. From the moment you place your order to the final delivery of your forged pipes, we will be with you every step to ensure a seamless and hassle-free experience.

Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing

At Jihua, we recognize the importance of protecting the environment and are committed to sustainable manufacturing practices. Our eco-friendly production processes and adherence to strict environmental regulations ensure that our forged pipes are produced with minimal environmental impact. By choosing Jihua as your forged pipe supplier, you can be confident that you are partnering with a company that values and prioritizes environmental responsibility.

Global Presence and Reputation

As a leading global forged pipe supplier, Jihua has established a strong presence and reputation in the international market. Our extensive network of satisfied customers and partners is a testament to our commitment to quality, innovation, and customer service. By partnering with Jihua, you can be assured that you are working with a company with the expertise and resources to support your business globally.

State-of-the-Art Research and Development

Innovation is at the heart of our success at Jihua. Our research and development team is constantly exploring new materials, technologies, and manufacturing techniques to improve the performance and durability of our forged pipes. By staying at the forefront of industry advancements, we can offer our customers cutting-edge products that set the standard for quality and performance. When you choose Jihua as your forged pipe supplier, you can be sure that you are receiving products incorporating the latest industry innovations.

Strict Quality Control and Assurance

To guarantee the highest quality forged pipes, we have implemented a rigorous quality control and assurance system at every stage of the production process. From selecting raw materials to the final inspection and testing finished products, our experienced quality control team ensures that every forged pipe meets our strict quality standards. By maintaining our unwavering commitment to quality, we can provide our customers with forged pipes they can trust to perform reliably in even the most demanding applications.

Certifications and Compliance

As a leading forged pipe supplier, Jihua is fully committed to complying with all applicable industry standards and regulations. We hold various certifications, including ISO, demonstrating our dedication to maintaining the highest levels of quality and safety in our products and processes. By choosing Jihua as your forged pipe supplier, you can be certain that you are partnering with a company that values compliance and adheres to the strictest industry standards.

Long-Term Partnerships and Collaboration

At Jihua, we believe in building long-lasting relationships with our customers and partners. By fostering a collaborative environment and maintaining open lines of communication, we can better understand your needs and work together to achieve your goals. Our commitment to long-term partnerships ensures we can provide ongoing support and resources to help your business grow and succeed.

Experience and Expertise

With years of experience in the forged pipe industry, our team of skilled professionals has the knowledge and expertise to provide you with the best possible solutions for your projects. Our in-depth understanding of various industries unique requirements and challenges enables us to offer expert guidance and advice to help you make the best decisions for your business.

Jihua is the ideal choice for your forged pipe supplier due to our commitment to quality, innovation, customer satisfaction, and environmental responsibility. Our extensive range of products, tailored solutions, competitive pricing, fast lead times, and exceptional customer support make us the preferred partner for businesses worldwide. By choosing Jihua as your forged pipe supplier, you can be confident that you are working with a company dedicated to your success.

Our forging product types

Item	Type	Section size/mm	Length/Height mm	Weight/ton
1	Circle/step axis class	Ø100-Ø1500	≤15000	≤15
2	Flange type	≤Ø3500	≤650	≤6
3	Pipe class	Ø200-Ø2000	≤3500	≤12
4	Pie type class	Ø200-Ø2400	≤700	≤12
5	Valve box/valve body type	Ø250-1200	≤2000	≤12
6	Single/double, long/short	Ø200-Ø2000	≤10000	≤12
	Shaft flange type
7	Cross axis class	≤Ø2000	≤500	≤10
8	Square class	100-1500	≤10000	≤12

Export Country For Forged Pipes

MIDDLE EAST	AFRICA	NORTH AMERICA	EUROPE	ASIA	SOUTH AMERICA
Saudi Arabia	Nigeria	Usa	Russia	India	Argentina
Iran	Algeria	Canada	Norway	Singapore	Bolivia
Iraq	Angola	Mexico	Germany	Malaysia	Brazil
Uae	South Africa	Panama	France	Indonesia	Chile
Qatar	Libya	Costa Rica	Italy	Thailand	Venezuela
Bahrain	Egypt	Puerto Rica	Uk	Vietnam	Colombia
Oman	Sudan	Trinidad And Tobago	Spain	South Korea	Ecuador
Kuwait	Equatorial Guinea	Jamaica	Ukraine	Japan	Guyana
Turkey	The Republic Of Congo	Bahamas	Netherland	Sri Lanka	Paraguay
Yemen	Gabon	Denmark	Belgium	Maldives	Uruguay
Syria			Greece	Bangladesh
Jordan			Czech Republic	Mayanmar
Cyprus			Portugal	Taiwan
			Hungary	Cambodia
			Albania
			Austria
			Switzerland
			Slovakia
			Finland
			Ireland
			Croatia
			Slovenia
			Malta