Fahamka doorashadaada furayaasha been abuurka ah
Doorashooyinku waxay noqon karaan kuwo culus marka la dooranayo saxda ah baloog been abuur ah baahidaada warshadeed. Noocyo kala duwan, cabbirro, iyo agabyo ayaa ka dhigaya habka go'aan-qaadashada mid adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, adoo fahamsan fursadaha jira iyo sifooyinkooda gaarka ah, waxaad samayn kartaa go'aan xog ogaal ah oo ku habboon baahiyahaaga.
Furayaasha gaarka ah ee la been-abuuray waxay bixiyaan xal ku habboon oo loo qaabeeyey loona soo saaray si wax looga qabto caqabadaha gaarka ah iyo shuruudaha waxqabadka. Markaad tixgelinayso furayaasha la been-abuuray, la shaqaynta soo-saare sumcad leh oo khibrad u leh naqshadaynta iyo soo saarista furayaasha warshadahaaga gaarka ah waa lama huraan.
Waa maxay fur been abuur ah?
Fure been abuur ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan fur-fure been-abuur ah, fur cunaha la been-abuuray, madaxa weyn ee been-abuurka ah, ama dabool indho-la'aan ah oo la been-abuuray, wuxuu xannibaa bannaannada dhuumaha aan loo baahnayn wuxuuna u adeegaa sidii shaabad. Waxay leedahay shaqo la mid ah sida taarikada indhoolayaasha, madaxyada, iyo koofiyadaha tuubooyinka waxaana loo isticmaalaa biyaha, saliidda, iyo warbaahinta gaaska.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ah furayaasha been abuurka ah iyo isticmaalkooda ballaaran. Mareegaha been abuurka ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa meel kasta oo ay jiraan dhuumo.
Noocyada Baakadaha la been abuurtay
Noocyada kala duwan ee furayaasha iyo adeegsigooda gaarka ah waxay awood u siinayaan xirfadlayaasha warshadaha inay doortaan furaha ku habboon shuruudahooda gaarka ah, ugu dambeyntii hagaajinta waxtarka, waxqabadka, iyo wax soo saarka.
1. Barkadaha Laba geesoodka ah ee la been abuurtay
Furayaasha laba geesoodka ah ee dibadda ah ee la been abuuray waxaa loo qaabeeyey dusha sare ee qaabka laba geesoodka ah, taasoo sahlaysa in si fudud loo rakibo loona saaro iyadoo la isticmaalayo fur ama qalab kale. Waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa codsiyada cadaadiska sare iyo heerkulka sare sababtoo ah adkeysigooda iyo isku halaynta. Xirmooyinkaan waxaa lagu heli karaa walxo kala duwan, sida birta aan la taaban karin, birta kaarboonka, iyo birta daawaha, si ay ugu habboonaato shuruudaha warshadaha kala duwan.
2. Dhuxul laba geesood ah oo been abuur ah
Barafka laba geesoodka ah ee been abuurka ah wuxuu la mid yahay barafka dibadda ee laba geesoodka ah, iyadoo farqiga ugu horreeya uu yahay qaabka laba geesoodka ee gudaha gudaha halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa dusha sare. Naqshadeyntani waxay bixisa isku xirnaan sugan oo xasilan, gaar ahaan marka loo baahan yahay torque sare. Furayaasha laba geesoodka ah ee been abuurka ah waxay ku habboon yihiin codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan saliid iyo gaasta, farsamaynta kiimikaad, iyo warshadaha tamarta korontada.
3. Xarig Dibadeed oo Been abuur ah
Muujinaya dun dibadda ah, xadhigga dunta dibadda ee been abuurka ah waxa loo qaabeeyey in lagu xidho tuubo dunta ka samaysan ama ku habboon. Nooca fur-gaaban waxaa badanaa la isticmaalaa marka la isku xiro iyo kala dirid degdeg ah loo baahan yahay. Naqshadaynta dunta dibadda ayaa bixisa isku xirnaan sugan, ka hortagga daadinta iyo hubinta waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan. Xadhkaha dibadda ee been abuurka ah ayaa laga heli karaa agabyo iyo cabbirro kala duwan si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha mashruuca.
4. Xadhkaha Gudaha ee Been-abuurka ah
Xadhkaha gudaha ee been abuurka ah waxa uu leeyahay dun gudaha ah, kaas oo lagu maroojin karo tuubo dunta dibadda ka timi ama meel ku habboon. Nooca fur-gaaban waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa codsiyada u baahan xiriir adag oo waara, sida warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska, dhirta daaweynta biyaha, iyo tas-hiilaadka korontada. Xirmooyinka dunta gudaha ee been abuurka ah waxaa laga soo saari karaa walxo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan birta aan la taaban karin, birta kaarboonka, iyo birta daawaha ah.
5. Barafka Bannaanka ee Been Abuurka ah
Iyada oo dusha sare oo labajibbaaran leh, fur labajibbaaran ee dibedda ee been abuurka ah ayaa bixisa naqshad gaar ah oo u oggolaanaysa rakibidda iyo saarista fudud iyadoo la isticmaalayo fur ama qalab kale. Nooca fur-gaaban waxaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada booska xaddidan, maadaama qaabka laba jibaaran yahay uu bixiyo xiriir dhow. Fiishyada labajibbaaran ee dibedda ee been abuurka ah ayaa lagu heli karaa agabyo iyo cabbirro kala duwan si ay ugu habboonaadaan baahiyaha warshadeed ee kala duwan.
6. Been Abuurka Gudaha Gudaha Plug
Si la mid ah furka labajibbaaran ee dibedda, furka labajibbaaran ee gudaha ee been-abuurka ah waxa uu leeyahay muuqaal gudaha ah oo qaab-jibbaaran kaas oo bixiya xidhiidh sugan oo deggan. Furkan waxaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada u baahan dhaq-dhaqaaq sare, sida mishiinada culus, qalabka dhismaha, iyo furayaasha warshadaha. Xabagyada labajibbaaran ee gudaha ee been abuurka ah waxaa laga soo saari karaa walxo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan birta aan la taaban karin, birta kaarboonka, iyo birta daawaha ah.
7. Xadhkaha Tooska ah ee Been-abuurka ah
Xadhkaha dunta kolayga ah ee been abuurka ah waxa loo qaabeeyey dun duuban, taas oo u ogolaanaysa inay abuurto shaabad adag marka lagu xidho tuubo dunta koonka ah oo u dhiganta. Furaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada cadaadiska sarreeya, maaddaama naqshadaynta dunta la duubay ay ka caawiso inay si siman u qaybiso diiqada oo ka hortagto qulqulka. Xadhkaha dunta toosan ee been abuurka ah ayaa lagu heli karaa agabyo iyo cabbirro kala duwan si ay u daboolaan shuruudaha warshadaha kala duwan.
8. Madaxa Wareega Been Abuurka ah
Xirmooyinka madaxa wareega ee been abuurka ah waxaa lagu gartaa madaxooda siman, qaab wareegsan, kaas oo siinaya nadiif ah oo qurux badan tuubada ku xiran ama ku habboon. Furayaashan waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada u baahan isku xirka muuqaalka soo jiidashada leh, sida qalabka qurxinta, rakibaadda naqshadaha, iyo qalabka dhamaadka sare. Naqshadeynta madaxa wareega waxay u oggolaaneysaa rakibid fudud iyo ka saarid iyadoo la adeegsanayo fur ama qalab kale. Xirmooyinka madaxa wareega ee been abuurka ah waxaa laga soo saari karaa walxo kala duwan, sida birta aan la taaban karin, birta kaarboonka, iyo birta daawaha, si loo daboolo baahiyaha mashruuc ee kala duwan.
Alaabooyinka loo isticmaalo Baakadaha la been abuurtay
Furayaasha been abuurka ah waxaa laga samayn karaa walxo kala duwan, mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin gaar ah oo ku habboon codsiyo gaar ah. Waxyaabaha caadiga ah qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah:
Titanium alwaaxyo been abuur ah | ASTM B381 / ASME SB381, Titanium Gr. 1, Titanium Gr. 2, Titanium Gr. 4, Titanium Gr. 5, Titanium Gr. 7, ASTM R50250/GR.1| R50400/GR.2 | R50550/GR.3 | R50700/GR.4 | GR.6 |R52400/GR.7 | R53400/GR.12 | R56320/GR.9 |R56400/GR.5 |
Maar laga been abuurtay | T1, T2, C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, C10800, C10910, C10920, C1, C2, C10930, C11000, C11300, C11400, c11500, c11600, c12000, c12200. C12300, C1, C2, C12500, C14200, C14420, C14500, C14510, C14520, C14530, C17200, C19200, C21000, C23000, C26000, C27000, C27400, C28000, C33000, C33200, C37000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, C63020, C68700, C70400, C.70600, C.70620, C.71000, C.71500, C.71520, C.71640, C.XNUMX, C.XNUMX, CXNUMX, CXNUMX, C.XNUMX, C.XNUMX, C.XNUMX, C.XNUMX, C.XNUMX, CXNUMX, C.XNUMX. CXNUMX, CXNUMX, CXNUMX, CXNUMX, CXNUMX, iwm |
Copper Nickel oo la been abuurtay | ASTM/ASME SB 61/62/151/152, Copper Nickel 90/10 (C70600), Cupro Nickel 70/30 (C71500), UNS C71640 |
Birta Kaarboonka ee la been abuurtay | ASTM/ASME A/SA105 A/SA105N & A/SA216-WCB, DIN 1.0402, DIN 1.0460, DIN 1.0619, Die Steel, ASTM A105/ ASME SA105, A105N, ASTM A350 LF2 / ASME350 (F694 F694 F52 F56 F60 F65) |
Birta aan la been-abuurin | ASTM/ASME A/SA182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L, ASTM/ASME A/SA351 CF8, CF3, CF8M, CF3M, DIN 1.4301, DIN 1.4306, DIN 1.4401, 1.4404DIN 1.4308 DIN 1.4408 1.4306 |
Alloy Steel alwaaxyo been abuur ah | ASTM A182 / ASME SA182 F5, F9, F11, F12, F22, F91 |
Hastelloy been abuur ah | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276), C22 (UNS N06022), C4, C2000, B2, B3, X |
Naxaas la been abuurtay | 3602 / 2604 / H59 / H62 / iwm. |
Inconel been abuur ah | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Inconel 600, 601, 625, 718, 783, 690, x750 |
Monel furayaasha been abuurka ah | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Monel 400 (UNS No. N04400), Monel 500 (UNS No. N05500) |
Duplex been abuur ah | S31803 / S32205 A182 Gr F51 / F52 / F53 / F54 / F55 / F57 / F59 / F60 / F61 |
Super Duplex oo been abuur ah | S32750 / S32760 A182 Gr F51 / F52 / F53 / F54 / F55 / F57 / F59 / F60 / F61 |
Alloy 20 xabo oo been abuur ah | ASTM B462 / ASME SB462, Nijaar 20 Alloy, Alloy 20Cb-3 |
Aluminium alwaaxyo alwaax ah | 5052 / 6061/ 6063 / 2017 / 7075 / iwm. |
Nickel been abuur ah | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Nickel 200, Nickel 201, Nickel 205, Nickel 205LC |
Nimonic alwaaxyo been abuur ah | Nimonic 75, Nimonic 80A, Nimonic 90 |
Waxyaabo kale oo la been abuuray | Naxaas daasad ah, naxaas aluminium ah, naxaas rasaas ah |
Dalooy been abuur ah | ASTM B564 / ASME SB564, Incoloy 800, 800H, 800HT (UNS N08800), 825 (UNS N08825), 925 |
254 Smo la been abuurtay | ASTM A182 / ASME SA182, SMO 254/6Mo, UNS S31254, DIN 1.4547 |
Cabbirrada Baakadaha la been-abuuray
Cabirka fiilooyinka been abuurka ah, gaar ahaan dhexroorka, dhumucda, iyo dhererka, ayaa muhiim ah marka la dooranayo furaha ku habboon codsi gaar ah. Injineerada iyo farsamayaqaanada waxay gaari karaan go'aamo xog ogaal ah oo wanaajiya hufnaanta nidaamka iyo cimri dhererka iyagoo fahmaya xiriirka ka dhexeeya cabbiradan iyo waxqabadka furka.
1. Dhexroorka
Dhexroorka fiilada been abuurka ah waa mid ka mid ah cabbirrada ugu muhiimsan ee la tixgeliyo. Waxay si toos ah u saameynaysaa awoodda fur-gudbinta si ay u abuurto shaabad sugan gudaha dhuumaha ama nidaamka. Cabbirrada dhexroorka guud waxay u dhexeeyaan 1/8 inji ilaa 4 inji, iyadoo ku xidhan codsiga gaarka ah iyo shuruudaha hawlgalka.
2. Length
Dhererka furka been abuurka ah wuu kala duwanaan karaa iyadoo ku xiran cabbirka daloolka loo qorsheeyay in lagu xidho. Xirmooyinka dhaadheer ayaa laga yaabaa inay bixiyaan xasillooni iyo awood daboolid codsiyada qaarkood, halka furayaasha gaagaaban ay ku habboon yihiin meel xaddidan. Dhererku wuxuu caadi ahaan u dhexeeyaa 2 inji ilaa 12 inji.
3. Nooca dunta
Laba nooc oo dunta aasaasiga ah ayaa lagu isticmaalaa furayaasha been abuurka ah: National Pipe Taper (NPT) iyo British Standard Pipe Taper (BSPT). Xadhkaha NPT ayaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa Maraykanka, halka dunta BSPT ay aad ugu badan yihiin Yurub iyo qaybaha kale ee adduunka. Doorashada nooca dunta ku habboon ee ku salaysan nidaamka nidaamka waa lagama maarmaan si loo xaqiijiyo shaabad habboon.
4. Cabbirka Hex
Baaxadda hex ee fur been abuur ah waxa ay tilmaamaysaa masaafada u dhaxaysa laba dabaq oo iska soo horjeeda ee madaxa lix geesoodka ah, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu adkeeyo ama lagu dabciyo furka marka la rakibayo ama la saarayo. Doorashada cabbirka hex ee saxda ah ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah rakibidda iyo hawlgalka habboon.
5. Nooca
Taper-ka fur been abuur ah waa xagasha ay duntu ka gooyaan. Cabirkani wuxuu saameeyaa waxqabadka xidhitaanka ee furka. Xadhkaha NPT waxay leeyihiin taper-ka caadiga ah ee 1:16, halka dunta BSPT ay leeyihiin taper ah 1:8.
Heerarka Wershadaha ee Baakadaha la been-abuuray
Furayaasha been abuurka ah ayaa la soo saaray iyadoo la raacayo heerarka warshadaha kala duwan si loo hubiyo tayada, waxqabadka, iyo badbaadada joogtada ah. Qaar ka mid ah heerarkan waxaa ka mid ah:
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ASME B16.11: Qalabyada la been abuurtay, Alxanka-Socket-ka, iyo Xargaha
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MSS SP-79: Gelida Alxanka Socket-ka
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MSS SP-83: Fasalka 3000 Tuubbooyinka Birta, Alxanka, iyo Xadhkaha
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MSS SP-95: Duub (d) Ibta Naasaha iyo Bull Plugs
U hoggaansanaanta heerarkan warshadaha waxay dammaanad qaadaysaa in furayaasha la been abuurtay ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha adag ee codsiyadooda loogu talagalay.
Cabirka ASME B16.11 Been Abuurka Madaxa Furaha
DN | NPS | A(Dheer) | B (Dhearka laba geesoodka) | Miisaanka | mugga |
6 | 1 / 8 " | 10 | 6 | 0.01 | 0.002 * 10-3 |
8 | 1 / 4 " | 11 | 6 | 0.02 | 0.004 * 10-3 |
10 | 3 / 8 " | 13 | 8 | 0.03 | 0.007 * 10-3 |
15 | 1 / 2 " | 14 | 10 | 0.06 | 0.012 * 10-3 |
20 | 3 / 4 " | 16 | 11 | 0.10 | 0.020 * 10-3 |
25 | 1 " | 19 | 13 | 0.18 | 0.036 * 10-3 |
32 | 1-1 / 4 " | 21 | 14 | 0.30 | 0.065 * 10-3 |
40 | 1-1 / 2 " | 21 | 16 | 0.41 | 0.090 * 10-3 |
50 | 2 " | 22 | 18 | 0.67 | 0.150 * 10-3 |
65 | 2-1 / 2 " | 27 | 19 | 1.11 | 0.250 * 10-3 |
80 | 3 " | 28 | 21 | 1.69 | 0.390 * 10-3 |
100 | 4 " | 32 | 25 | 3.48 | 0.760 * 10-3 |
Cabbirrada ASME B16.11 Hex Head Plug been abuur ah
DN | NPS | A(Dheer) | E( Dhexroorka madaxa) | D (Dheer) | Miisaanka | mugga |
6 | 1 / 8 " | 10 | 10 | 35 | 0.02 | 0.004 * 10-3 |
8 | 1 / 4 " | 11 | 14 | 41 | 0.05 | 0.009 * 10-3 |
10 | 3 / 8 " | 13 | 18 | 41 | 0.08 | 0.014 * 10-3 |
15 | 1 / 2 " | 14 | 21 | 44 | 0.12 | 0.020 * 10-3 |
20 | 3 / 4 " | 16 | 27 | 44 | 0.20 | 0.033 * 10-3 |
25 | 1 " | 19 | 33 | 51 | 0.34 | 0.058 * 10-3 |
32 | 1-1 / 4 " | 21 | 43 | 51 | 0.59 | 0.098 * 10-3 |
40 | 1-1 / 2 " | 21 | 48 | 51 | 0.73 | 0.020 * 10-3 |
50 | 2 " | 22 | 60 | 64 | 1.44 | 0.240 * 10-3 |
65 | 2-1 / 2 " | 27 | 73 | 70 | 2.36 | 0.385 * 10-3 |
80 | 3 " | 28 | 89 | 70 | 3.50 | 0.580 * 10-3 |
100 | 4 " | 32 | 114 | 76 | 6.08 | 1.000 * 10-3 |
Habka Been abuurka ee Baakadaha la been abuurtay
Habka been abuurka ee furayaasha been abuurka ah, sahaminta tillaabooyinka kala duwan ee ku lug leh abuurista qaybahan waara, waxqabadka sarreeya.
1. Xulashada Qalabka Raw
Habka wax-soo-saarka wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa xulashada alaabta ceeriin ee habboon. Qalabka la doortay waa inuu lahaadaa sifooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah, sida xoogga, caabbinta daxalka, iyo caabbinta kulaylka, si ay ugu adkeystaan xaaladaha hawlgalka ee codsiga. Alaabooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah birta kaarboon, birta aan fiicneyn, birta daawaha, iyo daawaha ku saleysan nikkel.
2. Tijaabinta Biraha iyo Xaqiijinta
Kahor inta aysan bilaabin wax soo saarka, alaabta ceeriin waa in la maro baaritaan adag si loo xaqiijiyo ka koobanyahay kiimikaad oo loo hubiyo in ay buuxiyeen shuruudaha loo baahan yahay. Talaabadani waxay muhiim u tahay dammaanad qaadka tayada iyo waxqabadka badeecada u dambaysa.
3. Calaamadaynta Biraha iyo Goynta
Marka xigta, birta birta ah iyo biilasha ayaa la gooyaa cabbirro iyo miisaan ku habboon iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha alaabta. Habkani waxa uu ku lug leeyahay isticmaalka qalabyada goynta kala duwan, sida miinshaar iyo qoryo, si loo gaadho cabbirka la rabo.
4. Kululaynta iyo xanaaqa
Qalabka cayriin ee la gooyey ayaa markaa lagu kululeeyaa heerkul gaar ah oo lagu go'aamiyo shuruudaha alaabta. Talaabadani waxay birta u diyaarinaysaa habka been-abuurka iyadoo kordhinaysa ductility iyo yaraynta culaysyada gudaha.
5. Been abuurista Baakadaha
Birta kuleylka leh waxaa lagu dhejiyaa qalab been abuur ah, iyada oo loo marayo habab kala duwan sida daloolista, dhererka, iyo dhimista dhumucda. Cabbirka furka-waqtiga-dhabta ah iyo la socodka xakamaynta heerkulka waxaa lagu gaaraa heerkulbeegyada infrared, iyadoo la hubinayo been-abuurka saxda ah.
6. Baadhitaanka Been-abuurka
Marka habka been abuurka la dhammeeyo, kormeer horudhac ah oo furka bannaan ayaa la sameeyaa. Kormeerkan waxa uu diiradda saarayaa muuqaalka iyo cabbirka, ogaanshaha cilladaha ama dildilaaca, iyo xaqiijinta in gunnada bannaan ay buuxisay shuruudaha sawirka.
7. Insulation and normalization
Kormeerka ka dib, furayaashu waxay maraan dahaar iyo daaweyn caadi ah si loo sifeeyo cabbirka hadhuudhka, mideeya qaabdhismeedka, iyo baabi'inta walbahaarka gudaha. Talaabadani waxay gacan ka geysataa hagaajinta cilladaha kulaylka badan iyo u diyaari furayaasha daaweynta kulaylka ugu dambeeya.
8. Machining qalafsan ee Plugs
Furayaasha ayaa markaa lagu sameeyaa mashiin qallafsan waxaana loo habeeyaa si waafaqsan shuruudaha alaabta. Talaabadani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa mashiin sax ah, taasoo dhici doonta hadhow hawsha.
9. Daawaynta kulaylka
Habka daawaynta kulaylka oo dhamaystiran waxa ay wanaajisaa qaab dhismeedka gudaha furka iyo waxqabadka. Talaabadani waxay ku lug leedahay kuleylinta furka heerkul go'an oo hore loo go'aamiyey, haynta muddo cayiman, oo ku qaboojiso heer la kantaroolo. Habka daaweynta kulaylka waxaa ka mid noqon kara caadi, deminta, iyo xanaaqa.
10. Dhamaystirka
Mashiinka qallafsan iyo daawaynta kulaylka ka dib, furayaasha si sax ah ayaa loo farsameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabka mashiinka CNC. Talaabadani waxay hubisaa in saxnaanta cabbirka furayaasha iyo dhammayntooda ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha lagu qeexay sawirada.
11. Kormeerka Muuqaalka Alaabta
Furayaasha la dhammeeyey waa la eegaa si loo xaqiijiyo in muuqaalkoodu uu buuxiyo cabbirrada cabbirka ee lagu bixiyo sawirrada macaamilka. Tijaabooyin dheeri ah, sida baaritaanka ultrasonic (UT), baaritaanka walxaha magnetic (MT), tijaabinta qallafsanaanta, iyo tijaabinta carburization, ayaa laga yaabaa in la sameeyo sida loo baahdo.
12. Tijaabada Waxqabadka Makaanikada
Si loo hubiyo qanacsanaanta macaamilka, tijaabinta waxqabadka makaanikada ayaa lagu sameeyaa furayaasha. Tijaabadani waxay qiimaysaa wax-soo-saarka, adkaysiga, saamaynta, iyo sifooyinka biraha, iyada oo xaqiijinaysa in furyadu ay buuxiyaan heerarka waxqabad ee lagama maarmaanka ah.
13. Daaweynta Dusha sare iyo Baakadaha
Ka dib marka laga gudbo dhammaan hubinta tayada leh, furayaasha la dhammeeyey waxaa lagu daaweeyaa ka hortagga miridhku iyo hababka rinjiyeynta si looga ilaaliyo arrimaha deegaanka. Kadibna si taxadar leh ayaa loo baakadeeyay waxaana lagu kaydiyaa bakhaarka alaabta ee dhammaatay, diyaarna u ah shixnadda.
14. Rarista iyo Rarista
Ugu dambeyntii, furayaasha waxaa laga soo wareejiyaa bakhaarka alaabta la dhammeeyey waxaana loo diyaariyey rarista iyo u soo dejinta macaamiisha. Tallaabadani waxay ku lug leedahay doorashada habka ugu hufan uguna kalsoon ee gaadiidka si loo hubiyo in furayaashu ay ku gaaraan meeshii ay u socdeen si nabad ah iyo waqtigii loogu talagalay.
Habka wax soo saarka ee furayaasha been abuurka ah waa mid adag oo qalafsan, oo u baahan saxnaanta, khibradda, iyo tallaabooyinka xakamaynta tayada adag. Marka la raacayo tillaabooyinkan, soosaarayaashu waxay soo saari karaan furyo been abuur ah oo tayo sare leh oo buuxiya shuruudaha baahida warshadaha kala duwan. Fahamka nidaamkan wuxuu ka caawin karaa macaamiisha inay qiimeeyaan qiimaha iyo muhiimada qaybahan muhiimka ah ee codsiyadooda.
Sidee loo iibsadaa furayaasha been abuurka ah ee saxda ah?
Si aad u iibsatid furayaasha saxda ah ee been abuurka ah, waxaa jira dhowr arrimood oo ay tahay in lagu xisaabtamo:
Qalabka Baakadaha la been abuurtay
Doorashada alaabta saxda ah ayaa muhiim u ah mashruucaaga. Alaabta caadiga ah ee xirmooyinka been abuurka ah waxaa ka mid ah birta kaarboonka, birta aan lahayn, birta alloy, aluminium, copper, iyo titanium. Qalab kastaa wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin iyo faa'iido darrooyinkiisa, markaa doorashada midka ugu habboon codsigaaga waa lagama maarmaan.
Baaxadda iyo Qaabka Baakadaha la been-abuuray
Baaxadda iyo qaabka furka la been-abuuray waa in ay u dhigmaan shuruudaha mashruucaaga. Tixgeli cabbirrada, sida dhexroorka, ama dhumucda. Cabbirrada gaarka ah iyo qaababka ayaa sidoo kale laga codsan karaa alaab-qeybiyaha.
Dulqaadka iyo Toosanaanta Baakadaha Been-abuurka ah
Dulqaadku waxa loola jeedaa kala duwanaanshaha la oggol yahay ee cabbirrada, halka toosnaanta ay tahay heerka uu furku ka xor yahay qallooca ama qallooca. Heerarka dulqaadka sare iyo toosnaanta waxay xaqiijinayaan tayada wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka furayaasha la been abuurtay. Hubi inaad qeexdo shuruudaha dulqaadka iyo toosnaanta aad rabto markaad wax iibsanayso.
Dhamaystirka dusha sare ee baakadaha la been abuurtay
Dhammaadka dusha sare ee fiilada been abuurka ah waxay saameyn kartaa waxqabadkeeda, caabbinta daxalka, iyo muuqaalkeeda. Doorashada dhamaystirka dusha sare waxay kuxirantahay codsigaaga iyo doorbidida bilicda.
Daawaynta kulaylka ee Barayaasha Been abuurka ah
Daawaynta kulaylku waxay si weyn u beddeli kartaa sifooyinka farsamada ee furyada la been abuurtay, sida qallafsanaanta, xoogga, iyo qulqulka. Iyada oo ku xidhan codsigaaga, waxa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato habab daawaynta kulaylka gaarka ah sida soo-jiidashada, caadiga ah, deminta, ama xanaaqa. Hubi in alaab-qeybiyahaagu uu ku siin karo furyadaada been abuurka ah adeegyada daaweynta kulaylka lagama maarmaanka ah.
Shahaadooyinka Tayada ee Plugs been abuur ah
Shahaadooyinka tayada, sida ISO, ASTM, ama ASME, waxay xaqiijiyaan in furayaasha been abuurka ah ay la kulmaan heerarka warshadaha gaarka ah iyo shuruudaha. Raadi alaab-qeybiyeyaasha sita shahaadooyinkan si aad u dammaanad qaaddo inaad soo iibsanayso alaab tayo sare leh.
Miisaaniyada iyo Qiimaha Baakadaha la been-abuuray
Qiimaha xirmooyinka been abuurka ah way kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xiran walxaha, cabbirka, iyo habaynta dheeraadka ah. Is barbar dhig qiimaha alaab-qeybiyeyaal kala duwan oo tixgeli miisaaniyadaada intaad go'aan ka gaareyso. Maskaxda ku hay in tayada aan loo dhimin qiimaha hoose aawadood.
Iibsashada furayaasha saxda ah ee been abuurka ah ayaa muhiim u ah guusha mashruucaaga. Markaad fahamto habka been abuurka, adoo tixgelinaya arrimaha sida alaabta, cabbirka, qaabka, iyo shahaadooyinka tayada, iyo doorashada alaab-qeybiyaha saxda ah, waxaad xaqiijin kartaa inaad maalgashanayso alaab tayo sare leh oo buuxinaysa baahiyahaaga. Furayaasha saxda ah ee been abuurka ah, waxaad kor u qaadi kartaa waxqabadka, adkeysiga, iyo cimri dhererka codsiyadaada, taasoo gacan ka geysaneysa guusha guud ee mashruucaaga.
Sida loo doorto baloog been abuur ah saaraha?
Xulashada soo saaraha furka saxda ah ee been abuurka ah waxay u baahan tahay in si taxadar leh looga fiirsado arrimo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan tayada, khibradda, kartida, habaynta, shahaado bixinta, qiimaha, goobta, sumcadda, iyo adeegyada dheeraadka ah ee la bixiyo. Markaad tixgeliso dhammaan dhinacyadan, waxaad samayn kartaa go'aan xog ogaal ah oo waxaad dooran kartaa soo-saare la isku halayn karo oo khibrad leh kaas oo keeni doona qalabyo been abuur ah oo tayo sare leh mashruucaaga.
Waxyaalaha ay tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo Soo-saare Plugs Been abuur ah
A. Tayo
Tayada fiilooyinka been abuurka ah ayaa muhiimad weyn leh. Had iyo jeer dooro soo saaraha u hogaansama heerarka adag ee ilaalinta tayada oo adeegsada tignoolajiyada horumarsan si ay u soo saaraan furyo been abuur ah oo tayo sare leh.
B. Khibrad
Khibradda soo-saaraha ee warshadaha waa arrin lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo. Soo-saare khibrad leh ayaa yeelan doona aqoonta iyo khibradda si uu u soo saaro baloogyo been abuur ah oo tayo sare leh oo uu buuxiyo shuruudahaaga.
C. Awoodda
Awoodda wax soo saarka ee soo saaraha waa in la tixgeliyaa. Hubi in soo-saaruhu uu xamili karo codka dalabkaaga, ha ahaado mashruuc yar ama mid weyn.
D. Habaynta
Mashruucaagu waxa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo fur-fure la habeeyey oo leh tilmaamo gaar ah. Dooro soo saaraha bixiya ikhtiyaarada habaynta, hubinta inay buuxiyaan baahiyahaaga gaarka ah.
E. Shahaado
Hubi haddii soo-saaruhu uu haysto shahaadooyin khuseeya, sida ISO ama AS9100. Shahaadooyinkani waa calaamad muujinaysa sida ay uga go'an tahay tayada iyo heerarka warshadaha.
F. Qiimaha
Iyadoo qiimuhu aanu ahayn qodobka kaliya ee lagu go'aaminayo, waxaa lama huraan ah in la tixgeliyo qiimaha furyada been abuurka ah. Dooro soo saaraha bixiya qiime tartan iyada oo aan tayada wax u dhimayn.
G. Goobta
Goobta soo saaraha ayaa saamayn karta wakhtiyada rarida iyo kharashaadka saadka. Dooro soo-saare ku habboon oo keeni kara furayaasha been abuurka ah gudaha wakhtiga aad rabto.
Qiimaynta Sumcada Soo Saaraha
A. Faallooyinka Macaamiisha
Akhri dib u eegista macaamiisha iyo marqaatiyada si aad u fahanto sumcadda soo saaraha. Jawaab celinta togan ee macaamiisha qanacsan ayaa tilmaan wanaagsan u ah isku halaynta soo saaraha iyo ka go'naanta tayada.
B. Aqoonsiga Warshadaha
Raadso warshadeeyayaasha helay abaal-marinnada warshadaha ama aqoonsiga, taas oo tusinaysa sida ay ugu heelan yihiin heerka sare iyo hal-abuurka wax-soo-saarka furyada been-abuurka ah.
Adeegyada Dheeraadka ah ee la bixiyo
A. Imtixaanka Guriga dhexdiisa
Dooro soo saaraha bixiya adeegyada baadhista iyo kormeerka gudaha. Tani waxay hubinaysaa in furayaasha been abuurka ah ay buuxiyaan shuruudahaaga tayada iyo tayada ka hor intaanad dhoofin.
B. Gaadhida wakhtiga
Bixinta wakhtiga loogu talagalay ayaa muhiim u ah mashruuc kasta. Dooro soo saaraha leh rikoorka bixinta amarada wakhtiga loogu talagalay si aad uga fogaato dib u dhac ama carqalad ku iman karta jadwalka mashruucaaga.
C. Taageerada Iibka Kadib
Taageerada iibka kadib waa arrin lagama maarmaan u ah xiriir kasta oo ganacsi. Dooro shirkad bixisa adeeg macaamiil aad u wanaagsan iyo taageero, oo ay ku jirto wax ka qabashada wixii welwel ah ama arrimo ah oo laga yaabo inaad ku qabtid furyada been abuurka ah ka dib dhalmada.
Waa maxay sababta Guanxin u doorato inay noqoto alaab-qeybiyahaaga fur been-abuurka ah?
Guanxin, waxaanu ku faanaynaa inaanu bixinayno xidhmo been abuur ah oo heerkoodu sarreeyo oo buuxiya heerarka warshadaha. Goobahayada wax soo saarka ee casriga ah iyo kooxda injineerada ee khibrada leh waxay hubinayaan in fur kasta oo been abuur ah oo aanu soo saarno uu yahay mid gaar ah, oo leh cabbir sax ah iyo dhammayn dusha sare ah. Markaad u doorato Guanxin inay noqoto alaab-qeybiyahaaga foornada been abuurka ah, waxaad ku kalsoonaan kartaa inaad helayso badeecooyin ka sarreeya filashadaada oo u taagnaan doona tijaabada waqtiga.
Kala duwanaanta Qalabka iyo Cabbirrada
Xulashadayada ballaaran ee agabka iyo cabbirka ayaa naga dhigaya kuwa ka duwan alaab-qeybiyeyaasha kale ee la been-abuuray. Waxaan bixinaa noocyo kala duwan oo biro ah, oo ay ku jiraan birta aan la taaban karin, birta alloy, birta kaarboon, iyo superalloys, si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha gaarka ah ee warshadaha kala duwan. Furayaashayada been abuurka ah ayaa lagu heli karaa dhexroor iyo dherer kala duwan, anagoo hubinayna inaan fulin karno amar kasta, iyada oo aan loo eegin sida takhasuska leh ama baahida loo qabo.
Xalka Ku-habboon ee Baahiyahaga Gaarka ah
Guanxin, waxaanu fahamsanahay in macmiil kastaa leeyahay shuruudo iyo caqabado gaar ah. Taasi waa sababta aan u bixino xalal gaar ah oo ku habboon baahiyahaaga gaarka ah. Injineeradayada xirfada leh ayaa si dhow kula shaqayn doona si ay u horumariyaan oo ay u soo saaraan bagagyo been abuur ah oo buuxiya shuruudahaaga. Haddii aad u baahan tahay shay gaar ah, cabbir, ama dusha sare, waxaanu leenahay khibradda iyo agabka aan ku bixinno xalka ugu habboon ee mashruucaaga.
Qiimaha Tartanku iyo Qiimaha Gaarka ah
Waxaan ognahay in kharashku uu muhiim yahay marka la dooranayo alaab-qeybiye been abuur ah. Markaan nahay Guanxin, waxaa naga go'an inaan siino macaamiisheena qiimo tartan leh iyadoon tayada wax u dhimayn. Nidaamkeena wax soo saarka ee la hagaajiyay iyo waayo-aragnimada warshadeed ee ballaaran ayaa noo ogolaaneysa inaan bixinno qiimo gaar ah, anagoo hubinayna inaad ku hesho badeecada ugu macquulsan qiimo cadaalad ah.
Wakhtiyada Hogaaminta Degdega ah iyo keenista la isku halayn karo
Dunida ganacsiga xawliga ku socda ee maanta, wakhtigu waa nuxurka. Waxaan fahamsanahay muhiimada ay leedahay in si degdeg ah oo la isku halleyn karo loo keeno furyadaada been abuurka ah. Nidaamkeena wax soo saarka hufan iyo shabakada saadka ee si wanaagsan loo aasaasay ayaa xaqiijinaysa in dalabkaagu la dhamaystiri doono oo lagu keeni doono wakhti kasta wakhti kasta. Adigoo dooranaya Guanxin inuu noqdo alaab-qeybiyahaaga fur been-abuurka ah, waxaad ku nasan kartaa in mashruucaagu uu ku sii socon doono jadwalka iyo jadwalka.
Taageerada Macaamiisha Aan La Midayn
Ku qanacsanaanta macaamiishu waa udub dhexaadka ganacsigeena. Kooxdayada taageerada macaamiisha u heellan ayaa had iyo jeer diyaar u ah inay ka jawaabaan su'aalo kasta ama ay wax ka qabtaan wixii welwel ah. Laga bilaabo marka aad dalabkaaga dhigto ilaa bixinta ugu dambaysa ee furyadaada been abuurka ah, waxaanu kula joogi doonaa talaabo kasta si aan u hubino khibrad aan dhib lahayn oo aan dhib lahayn.
Wax-soo-saarka Deegaanka Fiican
Guanxin, waxaan aqoonsanahay muhiimada ilaalinta deegaanka waxaana ka go'an dhaqamada wax soo saarka waara. Nidaamyadayada wax soo saarka deegaanka-saaxiibtinimo iyo u hoggaansanaanta qawaaniinta adag ee deegaanka waxay hubinayaan in furyadayada been abuurka ah lagu soo saaro saameynta deegaanka ugu yar. Markaad u doorato Guanxin inay noqoto alaab-qeybiyahaaga foornada been abuurka ah, waxaad ku kalsoonaan kartaa inaad la shaqaynayso shirkad qiimeeya oo mudnaanta siisa mas'uuliyadda deegaanka.
Joogitaanka iyo Sumcada Caalamka
Sida hormuudka alaab-qeybiyaha been-abuurka ah ee caalamiga ah, Guanxin wuxuu aasaasay joogitaan xooggan iyo sumcad suuqa caalamiga ah. Shabakaddayada ballaaran ee macaamiisha qanacsan iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ayaa marag u ah sida ay nooga go'an tahay tayada, hal-abuurka, iyo adeegga macaamiisha. La shaqaynta Guanxin, waxaa laguu xaqiijin karaa inaad la shaqaynayso shirkad leh khibrad iyo agab si ay u taageerto ganacsigaaga si caalami ah.
Cilmi-baadhista iyo Horumarka ugu casrisan
Hal-abuurnimadu waa udub dhexaadka guushayada Guanxin. Kooxdayada cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta waxay si joogto ah u sahamiyaan agabka cusub, teknoolajiyada, iyo farsamooyinka wax soo saarka si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka iyo adkeysiga furayaashayada been abuurka ah. Adiga oo ku sii jira safka hore ee horumarinta warshadaha, waxaan u soo bandhigi karnaa macaamiisheena alaabada goynta ah ee dejinaya heerka tayada iyo waxqabadka. Markaad u doorato Guanxin alaab-qeybiye been abuur ah, waxaad hubin kartaa inaad helayso alaabada ku jirta hal-abuurkii ugu dambeeyay ee warshadaha.
Xakamaynta iyo Xaqiijinta Tayada Adag
Si loo dammaanad qaado tayada ugu sareysa ee fiilooyinka been abuurka ah, waxaan hirgelinay nidaam hubinta tayada adag oo heer kasta ah ee habka wax soo saarka. Laga soo bilaabo xulashada alaabta ceeriin ilaa baaritaanka ugu dambeeya iyo tijaabinta alaabta la dhammeeyay, kooxdayada tayada leh ee khibrada leh waxay hubinayaan in bag kasta oo been abuur ah uu buuxiyo heerarka tayada adag. Anagoo ilaalinayna go'aankeena aan leexleexa lahayn ee tayada, waxaan macaamiisheena siin karnaa furyo been abuur ah oo ay ku kalsoonaan karaan inay si kalsooni leh ugu qabtaan xitaa codsiyada ugu baahida badan.
Shahaadooyinka iyo U Hogaansanaanta
Sida hormuudka alaab-qeybiyaha been abuurka ah, Guanxin waxay si buuxda uga go'an tahay inay u hoggaansanto dhammaan heerarka warshadaha iyo qawaaniinta khuseeya. Waxaan haynaa shahaadooyin kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan ISO, oo muujinaya sida aan uga go'anay ilaalinta heerarka ugu sarreeya ee tayada iyo badbaadada alaabadayada iyo hababkayada. Markaad u doorato Guanxin alaab-qeybiyahaaga been abuurka ah, waxaad xaqiijin kartaa inaad la shaqaynayso shirkad qiimeeya u hoggaansanaanta oo u hoggaansan heerarka warshadaha ugu adag.
Iskaashiga iyo iskaashiga muddada-dheer
Guanxin, waxaan aaminsanahay inaan dhisno xiriir waara oo lala yeesho macaamiisheena iyo la-hawlgalayaashayada. Anagoo kobcinayna jawi iskaashi iyo joogteynta khadadka isgaarsiinta furan, waxaan si fiican u fahmi karnaa baahiyahaaga oo aan ka wada shaqeyno si aan u gaarno yoolalkaaga. Ballanqaadkayaga iskaashiga muddada-dheer wuxuu xaqiijinayaa inaan ku siin karno taageero iyo agab joogto ah si aan uga caawino ganacsigaaga inuu koraan oo uu guuleysto.
Khibrad iyo Khibrad
Sannado khibrad u leh warshadaha fur been abuurka ah, kooxdayada xirfadlayaasha ah waxay leeyihiin aqoonta iyo khibradda si ay kuu siiyaan xalalka ugu wanaagsan ee suurtogalka ah ee mashaariicdaada. Fahamkayaga qoto dheer ee warshadaha kala duwan shuruudaha gaarka ah iyo caqabadaha ayaa awood noo siinaya inaan ku siinno hagitaan khabiir iyo talo si ay kaaga caawiyaan inaad gaarto go'aamada ugu fiican ganacsigaaga.
Guanxin waa doorashada ugu habboon alaab-qeybiyahaaga foornada been abuurka ah iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay sida ay nooga go'an tahay tayada, hal-abuurka, ku qanacsanaanta macaamiisha, iyo mas'uuliyadda deegaanka. Badeecadayada baaxada leh, xalalka loo habeeyey, qiimaha tartanka, wakhtiyada hogaaminta degdega ah, iyo taageerada macmiilka ee gaarka ah ayaa naga dhigaya lamaanaha la doorbido ganacsiyada adduunka oo dhan. Markaad u doorato Guanxin inay noqoto alaab-qeybiyahaaga foornada been abuurka ah, waxaad ku kalsoonaan kartaa inaad la shaqaynayso shirkad u go'an guushaada.
Noocyada alaabtayada been abuurka ah
Shayga | nooca | Cabbirka qaybta/mm | Dhererka / Dhererka mm | Miisaanka/ton |
1 | Fasalka dhidibka wareega/wareegga | 100-Ø1500 | ≤15000 | ≤15 |
2 | Flange nooca | ≤Ø3500 | ≤650 | ≤6 |
3 | fasalka Silinder | 200-Ø2000 | ≤3500 | ≤12 |
4 | nooca Pie | 200-Ø2400 | ≤700 | ≤12 |
5 | Sanduuqa Valve / nooca fur | Ø250-1200 | ≤2000 | ≤12 |
6 | Keli/laba-laab, dheer/gaaban | 200-Ø2000 | ≤10000 | ≤12 |
Nooca flange shaft | ||||
7 | Fasalka dhidibka u gudba | ≤Ø2000 | ≤500 | ≤10 |
8 | Fasalka labajibbaaran | 100-1500 | ≤10000 | ≤12 |
Dalka Dhoofinta Loogu Talo Galay Furaha
BARIGA DHEXE | AFRIKA | WAQOOYIGA AMEERIKA | YURUB | Aasiya | SOUTH AMERICA |
Saudi Arabia | Nigeria | USA | Russia | Hindiya | Argentina |
Iiraan | Algeria | Canada | Norway | Singapore | Bolivia |
Ciraaq | Angola | Mexico | Germany | Malaysia | Brazil |
Ee | Koonfur Afrika | Panama | France | Indonesia | Chile |
Qadar | Liibiya | Costa Rica | Italy | Thailand | Venezuela |
Bahrain | Masar | Puerto Rica | UK | Vietnam | Colombia |
Cumaan | Sudan | Trinidad and Tobago | Spain | South Korea | Ecuador |
Kuwait | Equatorial Guinea | Jamaica | UKraine | Japan | Guyana |
Turkey | Jamhuuriyadda Congo | Bahamas | Netherland | Sri Lanka | Paraguay |
Yemen | Gabon | Denmark | Belgium | Maldives | Uruguay |
Suuriya | Greece | Bangladesh | |||
Urdun | Czech Republic | Myanmar | |||
Cyprus | Portugal | Taiwan | |||
Hungary | Cambodia | ||||
Albania | |||||
Austria | |||||
Switzerland | |||||
Slovakia | |||||
Finland | |||||
Ireland | |||||
Croatia | |||||
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Malta |
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